International Business Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 2

International Business Economics - Essay Example This concept was later popularized in the work of Solow (1957 cited in Prescott, 1998) who had established that the economic growth models which suggest that growth occurs exclusively from an accumulation of resources is unlikely to be permanent and enhancement of productivity is fundamental to generate economic growth. Therefore, there is no singularity in the opinion of researchers regarding the determinants of growth yet there is no denying the fact that TFP is important for economic growth. There is now a growing consensus among researchers that much of the differences between income per capita between the developing and the developed countries can be accredited to TFP differences. The concept of TFP is quite broad and it includes a number of factors like education, health, and skills of the entire human technology, utilization of technology possessed by a country and the absorptive capacity of the economy (Miles and Scott, 2005). Therefore, this essay studies the link between TF P and human capital, TFP and technological progress and finally determines the impact it has on the overall economic growth of the nation. This paper first introduces the concept of TFP, the way in which it can be measured and its main determinants. Then the relation of TFP with human capital and technology is explained in details. Finally, the impact that TFP has on the economic growth is discussed. The burgeoning literature on the South East Asian countries and its growth determinants has also been studied to understand the role of TFP. There are two primary factors for which the concept is aligned to a neoclassical one namely productivity is measured for every factor of production and it has been integrated with the production function. The basic definition of TFP remains same in the works of most of the researchers who observe it as a ratio between net output and the factor inputs.

Critical Issues in Learning Essay Example for Free

Critical Issues in Learning Essay Processes of learning and the transfer of learning are critical to realize how human beings develop their competencies. Learning is critical as nobody is born with a capability to perform aptly as an adult in society. More importantly, it is necessary to understand the types of learning experiences and critical issues involve within that lead to transfer. Transfer is a capability to extend the knowledge that has been acquired in one context to other context. Educators say that students transfer their learning from one problem to other during a course, from one class in school to other class, between educational institutions and their homes, and from educational institutions to workplaces. Such assumptions regarding transfer of learning involves the belief that it is good to widely educate people despite just â€Å"train† them to conduct specific jobs. (Campbell, et. al. , 2007) Measures of transfer of learning have significance in assessing the level of people’s learning capabilities and experiences. Different types of learning experiences often appear to be same when they are examined by just focusing on remembering (remembering is defined as a quality to repeat the knowledge that has been acquired earlier), but the same experiences look different when transfer tests are conducted. Here are some of the major issues of learning and transfer that have significance in education: †¢ Initial learning is very essential for transfer. A very good amount of knowledge is known about the types of learning experiences that help transfer. †¢ Information that is excessively contextualized will reduce transfer; if the knowledge is presented in the form of â€Å"abstractâ€Å", it can enhance transfer. †¢ All new learning has transfer that is based on earlier learning; this thing is very important while designing instructions to help students in learning. ? 1. REFERENCES 1. Campbell, J. P. , Oblinger, D. G. , Chang, W. C. , Craig, E. M. , Diaz, V. , Fowler, S. B. , Kinley, E. , Little, J. K. , Molholt, P. , Siddall, S. E. , Trinkle, D. A. , 2007. Top-Ten Teaching and Learning Issues, 2007. Educause Quarterly. Viewed on 16 July 2010, Retrieved from: http://www. educause. edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/TopTenTeachingandLearningIssue/161828

Role of the Police in Community Policing

Role of the Police in Community Policing Abstract Traditionally, law enforcement is called after a crime has already occurred. Law enforcement is designed to respond to emergency calls requiring a quick response, place criminals under arrest, conduct and follow-up on investigations, as well as routine neighborhood checks. When discussing community-oriented policing (COP), there is a broader police focus which is the prevention of crime and disorder. COP requires a more strategic approach to working in the community as the community and the Police are encouraged to come together and form a partnership in which both (community members and police) share a common goal of making the community safer. This paper is going to discuss the role of the police in community policing such as how and why community policing was developed, the role of the COP officer and how the COP officer and community can work together to make COP effective. The Role of the Police in Community Policing The concept of policing has been in existence for many years. The police are expected to perform many community duties that in the past were the responsibility of the local citizen such as: keeping the peace, handling emergency services, dealing with family problems, and helping during civil emergencies. But now police officers are called in to solve these social problems that citizens create. Due to this role conflict, more departments are adopting new models of policing that reflect this changing role. What is community policing? Community policing is a working relationship, between the police and local residents, with the mission to make the neighborhood a safer and better environment to live in and increase trust in the police (http://www.cops.usdoj.gov). By forming this relationship, the community and police work together on goals such as reducing crime in the neighborhood, reducing fear of crime and improving the quality of life in the community. With the cooperation of both the police and the community, community policing identifies problems of crime and chaos and then involve the community in finding solutions to reduce such and make the community and a better, safer neighborhood to live. Community policing goes beyond traditional policing as the police are no longer the sole protectors of the law and social order as all members of the community take an active part in the effort to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods. Community policing can be defined as the collaboration between the police and the community (residents) in which together they can identify and solve community issues. Together the residents and the police can encourage active citizen involvement in policing efforts, focus on issues of ongoing public concern, provide continuity of service to the community, develop, strengthen and/or build groups and organizations so residents can advocate for their own interests (www.cops.usdoj.gov). Although, community oriented policing is a partnership between the police and the community members, the police play a major role as the police officer is the foundation of community-oriented policing (Oliver, 2008). The officer’s goal/purpose is to educate the public about its local police department, maintain or increase public confidence and trust in law enforcement, decrease fear of crime, listening to and addressing citizen concerns, and implementing community programs together with community members in an effort to solve problems. Community oriented policing is also intended to encourage community participation and involvement. The values of community policing include developing lasting community partnerships and problem solving in collaboration with the community along with organizational change within the police department. Instead of only riding through the community responding to calls, some police departments have implemented community policing as a more collaborative approach with the community members in an effort to have better problem solving for the police and teach the citizens ways to better prepare, identify and prevent crime and fear of crime in the community. The police can play an active role in the COP by taking the lead in making sure the community safe. It is believed that if the police demonstrate an interest in the community, they will generate a better response from the community response as the citizens will look at the police more as allies rather than enemies. Below are ways that the police can demonstrate their concern for the community while building trust from the community members. In order for COP to be effective the following partnership tactics must work efficiently: Routine Patrol Routine patrol, whether on foot, car, or horseback, should be part of community outreach strategies to increase police visibility in an effort to reduce fear of crime or as a prevention measure for crime-reduction in a particular hot-spot neighborhood. This will also give the opportunity for the community members and officers to become more familiar with each other and also allow the police to have better insight of the community needs regarding crime deterrence. Information Sharing/Ongoing Communication p94 Community policing advocates for a consistent flow of information between law enforcement and the community, regarding potentially effective solutions to crime and disorder problems and various crime trends and patterns. As a result of sharing information, the police can be more proactive and focused on developing long term solutions to the citizen’s concerns rather than be reactive and wait until they are called to determine how to rectify a known problem Crime Prevention Programs The main objective of community crime prevention is to be proactive and bring awareness to community members/groups that may be a potential target for crime as well as open the lines of communication between the police and the community (Oliver, 2008). In most of the community crime prevention programs, the police facilitate the program, however needs the support of the community to support and participate in the programs in order for the program to be effective and successful. Social control The goal of social control is for the police and community to collaborate and work toward maintaining, enhancing, and restoring social control over the entire community. It is thought that if community members have an attachment or are dedicated to making the community a better and safer place, people would less likely commit a crime than those individuals who are lacking in one or more areas. The above programs should be utilized based on the community members’ needs and their perceptions of the local problems (Oliver, 2008). Whether implemented on their own or with the assistance of the police, the above mentioned programs must be created, implemented, and maintained with the assistance and cooperation of the community in order to remain relevant. In conclusion, Community oriented policing is both a philosophy and an organizational strategy that allows police and community residents to work closely together in new ways to solve the problems of crime, fear of crime, physical and social disorders, and neighborhood deterioration. Community-oriented policing is beneficial not only to the community and the police department but also the police officer (Oliver, 2008). References COPS: Community Oriented Policing Services (nd). Community Policing Defined. Retrieved on February 2, 2014 from http:// www.cops.usdoj.gov Oliver, W. (2008). Community-Oriented Policing. A Systemic Approach to Policing (4th Ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

An analysis of the relationship between the hospitality culture and employees in China :: Business, Organization

According to Adelman et al. (1994); Bitner(1990); King (1985); King and Garey (1997),former research on service management have not considered the influence of culture on provide the service from staff. Tsang (2011) state that hospitality culture were focused on researches in recent years in China. Hospitality culture is not only very important for the hospitality industry, but also very significant for employees. In addition, hospitality culture is involved four factors: materials culture, behaviors culture, spiritual culture and rules culture. The key point of hospitality culture is spiritual culture, because this can determine the value of other cultures in the hospitality organization. Why hospitality culture so significant? There is some evidences to prove that hospitality culture is significant to the hotel organization. The First aspect, hospitality culture can improve the hotel services level and increase the turnover level. Mattila (1999) and Stauss and Mang (1999) argued that the customer estimate the service would depend on hospitality culture.The hotel has strict discipline to manage the staff, and staff must comply with the institutions during their working time. According to Martin and Lundberg(1991), Bennigan's is a America restaurant chain, it created research to find out why consumers did not come to their restaurants. The consequence is that only 15 per cent of consumers did not satisfied with the food, but 67 per cent of the consumers are dissatisfied with the staff's attitude. For instance, customers receive satisfying services, so they will remember these services and want to receive those services again next time. Although this is not enough to evaluate the results of a hotel service, it can make a good impression in customers’ minds. Secondly, it is not easy to fail the hotel have good culture in the strong competition of the hospitality industry. Nowadays, more and more businesses are focusing on hotels, so the hotel industry is face with fierce competition. When hotels have the same level of facilities,and hotel culture is the key point to estimate the hotel services. In addition, hotel culture can improve the position in the same industry. Hospitality culture and employees influence on each other. On the one hand, hospitality culture has some advantages and disadvantages to affect employees. At first, it can promote the skills of employees, because the hospitality lay out to train the employees’ skills. Shames and Glover (1988) claimed that human interaction and communication are involved in service experience as same as a social experience.

Off Site Visits

CONTRIBUTE TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLES HEALTH AND SAFETY EXPLAIN THE PREPARATION AND SUPERVISION OF CHILDREN IN OFF SITE VISITS. Safety is our top priority even the shortest visits need to be thoroughly planned and requires its own risk assessment. All are off site visits for this age group (2yrs-3yrs old) are local. All visits our thoroughly planned and a risk assessment is carried out. A visit is made to all new places/venues.The risk assessment includes details of the modes of travel, possible hazard areas and precautions to minimise the risks, staffing ratio, medical and special needs of pupil and staff, and staff telephone contact details. The risk assessment is reviewed before a second visit is made. The register is taken before the children leave the centre. The children our counted at regular intervals throughout the visit and on return. The children remain under supervision at all times.Before the group/ party leaves the centre key person/ managers will provide a list/ reg ister of everyone including adults travelling with the group/ party. Together with a time table/ programme for the offsite visit. The children are briefed in advanced about the visit. Parent/carers of children taking part in the offsite visits/activities should be provided with all appropriate information about the intended visit. Parent/carers must give their permission in writing before a child can be included in any off site activity .The children leave the centre mostly in pushchairs, the children that walk, walk in pairs, hand in hand. When walking by roads an adult will walk in front, middle and behind. The children taking part in offsite visits are 2-3yrs old, the ratio is 1 adult and 4 children. There are always two key persons one designated as group leader for the visit. All adults accompanying a party/ group must be made aware by the managers of the emergency procedures which will apply. Each adult should be provided with an emergency phone and numbers.This will normally be the manager’s number. Close super vision and proper protective clothing/ blankets and rain wear are essential for even the shortest visits/excursions. All key persons are qualified in paediatric first aid. If a child has a minor accident or becomes ill, the group leader or another member of staff will phone the child’s parent/carers emergency contact number at once and arrange for him/her to be collected. If contact cannot be made, the group leader, or another member of staff will take the child to the local hospital or, if the llness is more minor, back to school. A member of staff will remain with the child at the hospital or school until parent/carer arrives. A member of staff will carry a first aid kit at all times. If a child/children are on medication the nessecery forms are signed by parent/carer. Medison is named, dated and put in a bag/container and taken on offsite visit. The key member of staff will administer the medication to their key child, this is th en reported on a medication form timed, dated and signed. A contingency plan is important because it is a what if plan.A contingency plan is known as a plan B, a backup plan in case in case things go wrong. If the contingency plan is good then a plan c is not needed. Contingency plan is a plan put together (by the key person) for an outcome other than in the usual expected plan. Things seldom go exactly as we plan, so having an idea, something out of your control will sometimes happen. A contingency plan helps you navigate these potentially threatening moments and give you steps to do so in a practical manner. EVALUATIONUpon returning to school a review and evaluation should be carried out as soon as possible. A copy of the completed form should be given to the child co-ordinator within one week of your return to school. Leaders should also ensure that upon completion of a visit a complete file of names, addresses, insurance arrangements, contacts, procedures etc. is kept for at lea st 3 years. This information will be required if of any future claim, from any incident that may of occurred on the offsite visit. Karen fairbrother 6. 2. 13 Resources Trinity policy

The Social Experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden †English Essay

The Social Experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden – English Essay Free Online Research Papers The Social Experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden English Essay The social experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden; attempted to prove to early America that self and self-reliance can be found through nature. This required an ongoing process of removing themselves from society and the harmful effects of the masses in order to define the fundamental differences between a commerce driven society and goals of the transcendentalist movement. The Brook Farm Institute for Agriculture and Education was created by George Ripley in 1841. The Brook Farmers chose the name for their community as it referred to the way they chose to unite labor and culture and to the way that they chose to earn their living. The transcendentalist perceived farming to be the occupation most favorable to personal growth because of its distance from the market, proximity to nature, and a promise to protect moral independence. The Brook Farmers, unlike the member of the Fruitlands, did however sell their milk, vegetables, and hay and kept their stock dividends low in order to keep enough capital to expand production. Lane, Charles â€Å"Brook Farm.† The Dial, January 1844 The philosophy of Brook Farms sought to merge the values, ideas, and spiritual matters with physical events, the union of mind and body, spirit and flesh. At Brook Farm, and in other communities, physical labor is perceived as a condition of mental well-being and health. They believed that manual labor was uplifting, and thus, every member, even the writers and poets, spent at least a few hours a day in physical effort. This was another expression of the connection made by the flesh and spirit with nature through physical tasks performed at Brook Farm. The members of Brook Farm believed that they could create a utopian microcosm of society that would eventually serve as a model for all. Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer â€Å"Plan of the West Roxbury Community.† The Dial, January 1842. In June 1843, Bronson Alcott, along with Charles Lane, established the Fruitlands. This utopian community is located in the small town of Harvard, MA. Alcott became interested in communal living and was inspired to create such a community after meeting Lane during a teaching excursion to England in 1842. Although there were several communal living experiments in existence at the time that Alcott could have joined, he found them all unsatisfactory. For example, Alcott felt that Brook Farm, the most notable utopian community at the time, was not pure enough. Therefore, the members of Fruitlands, including a colorful group of people ranging from ex-convicts to nudists; were forbidden to eat meat or use any animal products including wool, honey, wax, and manure. Unfortunately, the community could not be sustained by human labor alone and the strict diet of fruits and grains left many members sick and malnourished. Often, Alcott and Lane would go on lecturing tours to promote the community, leaving the women and children to do all the manual labor. When Emerson visited the community in June of 1843, he prophetically stated, They look well in July. We shall see them in December. Bridges, William E. â€Å"Spokesmen for the Self† (1971). Although the members of Fruitlands never tried to produce more goods than they could use since they believed a surplus of material goods would inhibit spirituality, they ultimately could not produce enough. The community collapsed in January of 1844. During the spring 1845 through the summer 1847 Thoreau researched Walden, or Life in the Woods while living in a rude shack on banks of Walden Pond. The book begins as follows. â€Å"When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, I lived alone, in the woods, a mile from any neighbor, in a house which I had built myself, on the shore of Walden Pond, in Concord, Massachusetts, and earned my living by the labor of my hands only. I lived there two years and two months. At present I am a sojourner in civilized life again. By opening the book in this manner Thoreau immediately brings the reader into his reality. There is no room for misunderstanding about the level of self reliance that Thoreau is speaking of with this piece. But if it seems that his opening statement is altogether too straightforward an introduction for a work thats held up as an American literary classic, remember: its precisely that simplicity at which Thoreau had originally sought after. Harris, Kenneth M. Emersonian Self-Reliance and Self-Deception Theory. Philosophy and Literature 15.2 (Oct. 1991): 286-94 In this masterpiece, Thoreau describes his retreat from the encroaching mess of civilization and outlines his philosophy of self-reliance. The greatest of his principles is simply that nature provides that which we naturally require and that man is owned by his possessions. The human spirit has been polluted by an economic machine that only enslaves the more the individual buys in. The idea of choice is non-existent from most individual’s minds because their focus is purely on surviving in a world that bombards them with choices that only appear to be free. Bridges, William E. â€Å"Spokesmen for the Self† (1971). When Thoreaus two years at Walden had ended, he left with no regrets: I left the woods for as good a reason as why I went there. Perhaps it seemed to me that I had several more lives to live, and could not spare any more time for that one. His experiment had been a success. He had learned many lessons, had taken time to examine his inner self and his world, and bad proved he could live under the simplest conditions and still be fulfilled: I learned this, at least, by my experiment; that as one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.† Because of such social experiments like Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden readers get a first hand look at a complex study comprising the human minds attempt to discover both the obvious and obscure behind mans existence and his place in the natural world. What seems to be the most important underlying theme is that this is an ongoing process of self examination. These various extreme attempts at dropping out of society in an effort reclaim self through self reliance define the fundamental differences between a commerce driven society and goals of the transcendentalist movement. Student Name Final Paper Thesis and Annotated Bibliography Final Essay Prompt: Describe the way the concepts of the self and self-reliance develop and find expression in colonial and early American literature. Identify those specific figures or works that you see as significant and explain their contributions. Thesis: The social experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden; proved to early American authors that self-reliance could of be found through nature and a ongoing process of removing themselves from society and the harmful effects of the masses. Annotated Bibliography Bridges, William E. â€Å"Spokesmen for the Self: Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman.† (1971) Bridges assists the reader to outline Emerson’s, Thoreau’s, and Whitman’s, dream of America as a place of self-fulfillment and self reliance through various examples of their work. This is very interesting material that I will use to assist in creating my own ideas and thoughts on self-reliance during the early American period. I’ll will probably use work cited by these authors throughout my paper to give example of my conclusions. Bauerlein, Mark. â€Å"The Pragmatic Mind: Explorations in the Psychology of Belief.† Durham: Duke UP, 1997. The Pragmatic Mind is a study of the pragmatism of Emerson, James, and Peirce. I plan to use information from this book to help understand the broad social and academic changes that resulted because of these authors. Harris, Kenneth M. Emersonian Self-Reliance and Self-Deception Theory. Philosophy and Literature 15.2 (Oct. 1991): 286-94 This article gives insight into self-reliance and self-deception as they relate to Emerson’s works. I can use this article to discuss the intent of Emerson and other early American authors about works relating to self and self-reliance. Work Cited Page Bridges, William E. â€Å"Spokesmen for the Self: Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman.† (1971) Bauerlein, Mark. â€Å"The Pragmatic Mind: Explorations in the Psychology of Belief.† Durham: Duke UP, 1997. Harris, Kenneth M. Emersonian Self-Reliance and Self-Deception Theory. Philosophy and Literature 15.2 (Oct. 1991): 286-94 Lane, Charles â€Å"Brook Farm.† The Dial, January 1844 Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer â€Å"Plan of the West Roxbury Community.† The Dial, January 1842. Thoreau, Henry David â€Å"Walden, or Life in the Woods.† (1854) Research Papers on The Social Experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden - English EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceGenetic EngineeringAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtCapital Punishment

Free Essays on Car Of Steel

They call it a car of steel. That 1985 Dodge Aires, a four door station wagon, that hardly ran, wouldn’t pass the emissions test, and kept running even after you turned the key to the off position. It was hardly worth the two hundred dollars that my friend Elly paid for it. It did, however, get us to where we were going and back home again. Two weeks of going to and from work, running errands and just cruising. We had a lot of fun in that car, but that was all about to change. I will never forget that night. A night filled with laughter and high hopes was quickly replaced with fear, pain and finally thankfulness. I remember it as if it were just yesterday. I can still recall that old maroon bench seat which smelled of cigar smoke and mildew. Elly and I had driven down from her house in Masonville to Fort Collins to return a video to Blockbuster that her mom had rented. We stopped off at Arby’s to get something for dinner to take back to her house. The smell of warm roast beef emanating from that paper bag made my mouth water. I couldn’t wait to eat one. We waited at the light on the corner of Horsetooth and College to make our final stop for the night. As we waited we talked about our plans for the New Year. We discussed what our New Year’s resolutions were and how we planned to accomplish them. We were just having fun, but little did we know that our fun would soon turn into terror. The light signaled that it was our turn to proceed though the intersection. Half way through I saw it out of the corner of my eye. A candy apple red Dodge Neon speeding through the right turn lane headed straight for us. â€Å"Oh God!† I yelled as Elly spotted the car. She then slammed on the brakes. The car hit hard on my side right at the front bumper. As the car crushed under the immense force my seatbelt gave way and I slid all the way across the seat almost landing in Elly’s lap. As we spun 360 degrees we struck a van which had been in th... Free Essays on Car Of Steel Free Essays on Car Of Steel They call it a car of steel. That 1985 Dodge Aires, a four door station wagon, that hardly ran, wouldn’t pass the emissions test, and kept running even after you turned the key to the off position. It was hardly worth the two hundred dollars that my friend Elly paid for it. It did, however, get us to where we were going and back home again. Two weeks of going to and from work, running errands and just cruising. We had a lot of fun in that car, but that was all about to change. I will never forget that night. A night filled with laughter and high hopes was quickly replaced with fear, pain and finally thankfulness. I remember it as if it were just yesterday. I can still recall that old maroon bench seat which smelled of cigar smoke and mildew. Elly and I had driven down from her house in Masonville to Fort Collins to return a video to Blockbuster that her mom had rented. We stopped off at Arby’s to get something for dinner to take back to her house. The smell of warm roast beef emanating from that paper bag made my mouth water. I couldn’t wait to eat one. We waited at the light on the corner of Horsetooth and College to make our final stop for the night. As we waited we talked about our plans for the New Year. We discussed what our New Year’s resolutions were and how we planned to accomplish them. We were just having fun, but little did we know that our fun would soon turn into terror. The light signaled that it was our turn to proceed though the intersection. Half way through I saw it out of the corner of my eye. A candy apple red Dodge Neon speeding through the right turn lane headed straight for us. â€Å"Oh God!† I yelled as Elly spotted the car. She then slammed on the brakes. The car hit hard on my side right at the front bumper. As the car crushed under the immense force my seatbelt gave way and I slid all the way across the seat almost landing in Elly’s lap. As we spun 360 degrees we struck a van which had been in th...

Insufficient information in research topic Essay Example

Insufficient information in research topic Essay Example Insufficient information in research topic Paper Insufficient information in research topic Paper When you obtain an order branded write my research paper what is your first reaction? The most prudent thing to do is to contact the customer. You need more information to be able to process their request. You need to know if write my research paper is an open research paper in terms of the choice of the thesis statement or whether the customer erroneously omitted this information. The customer needs to explain if there are special instructions in terms of formatting, reference styles or restriction on the age of the reference materials. The customer needs to state when they expect to receive the draft paper and subsequently the final paper. You need to enter into an agreement with the customer on the charges, the means of payment as well as when the payment is due. How long should be the paper and what does the customer really expect to be captured in terms of the content? They need to let you know the level of writing for which the paper relates. Is it an undergraduate paper or is it a PhD dissertation. This will also help you decide on the personnel who will handle the order. It is more than clear that write my research paper is an insufficient information in research topic which doesnt allow the writer to proceed with assignment and start writing. You have no topic to write on and no knowledge of what is expected of you. You have no bench mark in terms of customer expectations against which to assess your progress. Gather as much information as possible and ensure you are at par with the customer in terms of what they expect of the final product. You need also to exchange contacts to ensure you keep in touch for consultation and reporting on progress. Until all these issues are ironed out, do not proceed to writing.

What's the effect of illustration to normal people(not an artist) in Essay

What's the effect of illustration to normal people(not an artist) in daily life - Essay Example Many people are fond of collecting illustrations for example famous paintings, stamps, comic books and photos of celebrities. Many others are in the process of learning using illustrations as the basic tool of learning. For example, all Montessori students are taught different words using flash cards. Visual aids are extremely important in corporations as well. An office without the pictures of its achievements, past endeavours and products related photos looks unimpressive. Compared to this, organizations which have more graphical representations look more professional and appealing. This paper discuses the history of illustrations, their impact of different sectors of society and their importance. Art is the celebration of human individuality. It is a beautiful form of expression which begins with emotions and ends with visible attributes. It is a journey of how a person wants to communicate- be it a drawing, a painting, sketch or a complicated sculpture; illustrations have many forms and shapes. Art and illustrative objects have a long history. Illustrations have a long history which goes back about thirty-five hundred years (Carney & Levin, 5). These early illustrations included animal paintings, engravings and skilfully made drawings. These facts prove that art has been an integral part of daily routine since the inception of human life. In addition to this, illustrations help in the development of human brain and aided their learning process (Carney & Levin, 6). Illustrations have not only been restricted to paper, they are also visible in the building around us. The art of Roman era some twelve hundred years ago set a new trend of aesthetically made architecture, enamelwork, mosaic, stained glass, and tapestry (Norris. et al, 11). Pyramids of Egypt, stone work in France and powerful structures of early churches of Europe all lay the foundation of art. The paintings of Picasso, the sculptures in Hindu temples

The Legal and Law Issues in Network Security USA Research Paper

The Legal and Law Issues in Network Security USA - Research Paper Example For any unguarded computer, people might just slip onto the network and retrieve all those information which is not protected. This makes one think about placing a password protection or have a right way of storing things to keep their information safe helps to be safe in the computer world. Sometimes people might ignore thinking their data to be of least importance. But these data can be of high value to those who try to access it and hence it is important to have a way to secure any form of data that is available and saved in the computer. The network security does not mean to lock the computer from accessing internet but it is about the information that is stored in the computer which has to be protected to use it by oneself. The below provided information will help one to know about the need and the issue that has risen regarding the network security. Â   Computer and Networks Computer network are distributed networks of computer that are either strongly or loosely connected whi ch simply means that these computers share a lot of resources from a central computer or only those resources that can make the network work. Usually the security was limited to personal computers before as the problem of virus or other unwanted things were only to that computer used by a specific user. But today, the prospective has changed a lot ass the user can now find the security not only for a single computer but for the whole network. The security is not limited but is expanded to all those computers which come under a network. This is very important to know as it includes all the resources and data that are stored and transit. The work in the computer can be done with or... This report approves that it is important to make sure to use the facility available to overcome such situation. With strict legal system, laws and legislation, people can get the justice they are looking for in a right way. Not all the time the threat is from outsiders, so it is important to monitor people in the office from time to time so that one can be safe from inside as well. The federal legislation for information technology has evolves over past 20 years and people are happy with the justice they are getting till date. This essay makes a conclusion that there are many companies outside USA but working for USA. They might not work in a proper manner when these things happen. This affects the revenue of that country. The national legislation might help within the boundary and this will be left to the company to deal with such situation when they are beyond the boundary. This makes one know every legal aspect of every country which can help them with the network security. Having the best network security is very important and the need to act instantly incase such situation occur might help one in many ways. The company should beware of the ex-employees and what they can do once they are taken out of the job. The authentication they have should be immediately and properly terminated so that they won’t cause any problem later. The company should also know about the current employees and how they might change in case the ex-employee wants them to help him.

Strategic Plan for Real Chocolate Industries Essay

Strategic Plan for Real Chocolate Industries - Essay Example At the moment the company is comfortably placed in terms of overall performance. However, the company has to ensure maintaining levels of profits and growth in the long term, through a strategy that will give it a sustainable competitive advantage. The chocolate industry is highly fragmented industry with about four hundred companies accounting for 90% sales. Retail chocolate sales reached $16.3 billion for the year ended December 2006, out of which the Gourmet segment is about $ 1 billion. Real chocolate has about 10% of the market share in this segment. 1) From Porters five force analyses it emerges that Rivalry among existing players will be the chief competitive force in the industry. The decline in profitability which often is the result of this will come from an increase in promotion and branding cost. 2) Even though the analysis reveals that entry barriers for new players to enter are not very high, new entrants may not find it attractive to enter. Entry may occur by players creating a separate niche which may affect demand for the product in which Real chocolate operates. (e.g. of artisan chocolate entry which has already happened) 4) Sellers bargaining power is not a significant factor in the industry, as there are many producers and raw material is a commodity item. Industry incumbents do not have much threat from suppliers, buyers or new substitutes. Similarly, there are no barriers to entry for new players because of suppliers.5) Five forces analysis also reveals that buyers bargaining power is a significant factor. Buyer's loyalty has to be constantly maintained through branding, promotion and maintaining quality. Price is not a significant factor in which buyer will switch to other products. On this account, this will be a significant barrier to entry for new entrants, which reiterates point no. 1, that rivalry is the chief force in the industry.

Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Dubai - Essay Example At the macro level there is yet another set of activities including the changes and modifications to existing infrastructures and the organizing of the event through to the end (Henderson, 1988). Event management industry is necessarily entwined here with the event to such an extent that all consequential and subsequent strategic decision choices available down the line from the planning consultant to the manager are determined by the very structural dimensions and contingency imperatives. While many stakeholders – internal and external – would show an equally great amount of interest in the successful outcome of the urban planning process, there can still be countervailing interests that seek to prevail over the rest. The degree of influence that each stakeholder group has on the next outcome of the planning process is determined by a number of internal and external factors such as the social, economic and political problems of each stakeholder group and a possible assessment of costs and benefits arising from the level of planning (Hoevel, 2007). Stakeholders such as citizens, private business organizations, contractors, suppliers, government concerns, property developers, foreigners working and residing in Dubai, condominium dwellers, local government authorities and so on all have a stake in such outcomes. Though Post-Fordist influences can be seen in Dubai to a certain extent it’s the single urban model of structure that Alonso, Muth and Mill s advocated in the 1960’s is visible everywhere in Dubai. The City of Dubai, unlike many other Middle Eastern countries, is located at the heart of the Gulf for all commercial purposes. Overall this analysis focuses on the urban planning methodologies, infrastructure and structural flexibility intended to engender systematic and constant growth of the City over the years to come. Such huge urban planning activity necessitates

GAP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GAP - Research Paper Example In as much as it is a publicly traded company in the United States of America, Gap’s brand is known all over the world. Currently, it is a billion dollar company that has over one hundred thousand employees in all its stores spread all over the world. Gap Inc. headquarters is currently in San Francisco, California. However, it also has some of its design offices London, San Francisco and London. The company’s brand name is Gap, and it sells clothing to all groups of people ranging from males, females and children. Gap operates five principal divisions namely; Banana Republic, Piperlime, the namesake banner, Athleta, and Old Navy. The Piperlime is its online store that sells handbags and shoes to its customers; the Banana Republic brand demonstrates a high quality and a luxurious brand; Athleta is a novel brand that was created by athletic women to make and sell athletic clothing to active women; and Old Navy brand which meets the demands for all the cost-conscious customers (Rosenbloom, 2008). From all these, it is evident that Gap Inc. covers and all people and meets the demands of almost all age groups. From its inception, Gap Inc. has remained the largest specialty retailer in United States of America despite being surpassed by Inditex Group, a Spanish-based company, as a the world’s leading apparel retailer. Some of its strengths that have enabled it to remain relevant in the market include; brand recognition, multiple stores worldwide, segmented markets, product utility, among others (Maheshwari, 2012). However, it failed to acknowledge the importance of its customers by paying lots of attention to its expansion strategies, instead of meeting the customer needs. It is a fact that expansion strategies can only be successful when apposite research is done. Concentrating on expansion strategies is correct for several stores only when they have a strong foothold in the market, or when their customers are extremely loyal. However, these two fundamental

How has the American media changed since 1990 What have been the Essay

How has the American media changed since 1990 What have been the political consequences - Essay Example When dealing with media, many people think of television, radio, internet, and mails. Television is the news source most relied on by the American people. The media takes the effort to share information or entertain different people in different language and location (Sterling and Kittross, 2002). Media first begun when the cavemen shouted to send a warning or communicating with people, earshot which was closer to modern methods of media, and technology such as horn, bells, drums, and fire signal. Eventually people started to use more complex methods to communicate to the next generation. The first real change in media came with the introduction of the printing press. For years the technological development of media involved distance, speed, number of copies, and quantity. Every new technology was a balance of these demands (Sterling and Kittross, 2002). The pony express was used to deliver mails faster than any other method. Speed and distance helped in the development of telegraphs. In American, the first practical telegraph was invented by Samuel Finley Breene Morse, also known as an artist. The telegraph became the most effective form of media. With the successful development of the telegraph and telephone in America communication was much easier. At this time electricity was used and with the use of electricity, the radio was introduced. Radio broadcasting thus became the new electrical communication. The telegraph, telephone, and radio were the quickest ways of communication (Sterling and Kittross, 2002). The radio reduced the reliance on wires, and also reduced the production of copies and hand-lettering. However, media development was slow and experienced some challenges such as the freedom of press, regulation of broadcasting and other issues. Freedom of press: Freedom of press can be traced back to the ratification

Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Dubai - Essay Example At the macro level there is yet another set of activities including the changes and modifications to existing infrastructures and the organizing of the event through to the end (Henderson, 1988). Event management industry is necessarily entwined here with the event to such an extent that all consequential and subsequent strategic decision choices available down the line from the planning consultant to the manager are determined by the very structural dimensions and contingency imperatives. While many stakeholders – internal and external – would show an equally great amount of interest in the successful outcome of the urban planning process, there can still be countervailing interests that seek to prevail over the rest. The degree of influence that each stakeholder group has on the next outcome of the planning process is determined by a number of internal and external factors such as the social, economic and political problems of each stakeholder group and a possible assessment of costs and benefits arising from the level of planning (Hoevel, 2007). Stakeholders such as citizens, private business organizations, contractors, suppliers, government concerns, property developers, foreigners working and residing in Dubai, condominium dwellers, local government authorities and so on all have a stake in such outcomes. Though Post-Fordist influences can be seen in Dubai to a certain extent it’s the single urban model of structure that Alonso, Muth and Mill s advocated in the 1960’s is visible everywhere in Dubai. The City of Dubai, unlike many other Middle Eastern countries, is located at the heart of the Gulf for all commercial purposes. Overall this analysis focuses on the urban planning methodologies, infrastructure and structural flexibility intended to engender systematic and constant growth of the City over the years to come. Such huge urban planning activity necessitates

How has the American media changed since 1990 What have been the Essay

How has the American media changed since 1990 What have been the political consequences - Essay Example When dealing with media, many people think of television, radio, internet, and mails. Television is the news source most relied on by the American people. The media takes the effort to share information or entertain different people in different language and location (Sterling and Kittross, 2002). Media first begun when the cavemen shouted to send a warning or communicating with people, earshot which was closer to modern methods of media, and technology such as horn, bells, drums, and fire signal. Eventually people started to use more complex methods to communicate to the next generation. The first real change in media came with the introduction of the printing press. For years the technological development of media involved distance, speed, number of copies, and quantity. Every new technology was a balance of these demands (Sterling and Kittross, 2002). The pony express was used to deliver mails faster than any other method. Speed and distance helped in the development of telegraphs. In American, the first practical telegraph was invented by Samuel Finley Breene Morse, also known as an artist. The telegraph became the most effective form of media. With the successful development of the telegraph and telephone in America communication was much easier. At this time electricity was used and with the use of electricity, the radio was introduced. Radio broadcasting thus became the new electrical communication. The telegraph, telephone, and radio were the quickest ways of communication (Sterling and Kittross, 2002). The radio reduced the reliance on wires, and also reduced the production of copies and hand-lettering. However, media development was slow and experienced some challenges such as the freedom of press, regulation of broadcasting and other issues. Freedom of press: Freedom of press can be traced back to the ratification

Education in Private and Public Schools Essay Example for Free

Education in Private and Public Schools Essay Over the past years, there has been lots of interest among the policy makers to compare private and public elementary and secondary schools in the United States. In a sense, both private and public schools follow the same general goals set out in 1979. These goals as Sizer pointed out are expected to serve equally well both the American’s public and private elementary and high school (p. 349). These goals according to Sizer aimed to develop the students’ fundamental scholastic capacity and to make them competitive and responsible individual. Both the private and public are expected to come up with this end, and to touch most aspects of an adolescent’s existence, mind, body, values and career. Generally, as reported by Teresa Mendez in her article said that private schools had performed very satisfactory during the latest Standardized Test for scoring higher than public school. This report summarized the concept that private schools are getting more professional in performing their jobs. This report is very significant since America has set educational policies that are common for both public and private schools. Sizer had stated in his book â€Å"What High School Is† that despite America’s multi-diverse culture and decentralized school government, most schools across America are common in terms of vision or goals related to academic achievements of students. However, as one will look into Sizer’s discussion of similar circumstances and scenario inside a high school in California, he or she can notice some problems regarding students’ attitude and behavior inside and outside the classroom. In particular Sizer portrayed this concept through Mark who is a student who is bored and uninterested with school requirements. On the other hand, there are teachers and staffs who are busy with work and mindful of responsibility at home. These two parties are both elements that comprise education and yet, it seems that the academic goals or vision are not emphasized. This is because; Mark being a recipient of the knowledge appeared to be passive and stubborn since knowledge is somehow undesirable on his view, while teachers and staff are not good mover or instruments of those knowledge. This concept presented by Sizer is common in America, and he seems trying to reconcile the educational goals with proper implementation by adapting some changes in terms of school policy. To better understand this, it is important to analyze the school system in America and how it tries to meet the present needs of the educational system of America, as well as its impact to the existing scenario in most schools. Given the same objective, we can expect less difference although we may expect much similarity between public and private high school education. But studies conducted by the National Center for Education Statistic showed that there are many differences in the public and private education. They explained that although the central goal of education is the same with public and private but both can freely choose objectives and goals related to what has been set up by the government (p. 7). This means that, each school has freedom to set objectives and goal, yet, all of them should match the overall goals of the central government. These goals are directed towards the fundamental academic achievements, career and economic competence, citizenship and civil responsibility, aesthetic awareness and cultural diversity of the students (Sizer, p. 349 – 350). In general, education in America as they view it should cater to the growth and development of individual for the country’s fundamental advancement whether in public or in private schools. It is evident in most schools in America that even though, private and public schools follow through same principles in terms of educational system, and yet, they are differ in many ways from curriculum to policies. The findings of the study done by the National Center for Education Statistic reveals that majority of the public school have curriculum with emphasis on basic literacy and reading skills as their most important goal, while private schools chose to put priority on religious development of their students (p. 8). However, other results of analysis and studies of NCES showed that faculties in public schools are more professional than those in the private school as public school uses a full range of professional living requirements. The article published by the NCES entitled â€Å"Teacher Professionalization and Teacher Commitment: A Multilevel Analysis† noted that teachers in public school are required to have a substantive training in areas of specialization, complete accredited training program, and passage of examination (p. 25). Whereas teachers in private schools, the report appears to be less professional on many ways (p. 25). The report also cited that there is more turnover of teachers in private schools than in public schools. This indicates that public school have more stable teaching force than the private school as public school teachers are receiving much higher salaries which is one of the important factor for teacher to stay in their work. Aside from that, the article noted that private school teachers receive inferior salaries that cause high turn over on the part of private schools. Thus, the report shows that despite the privileges and benefits received by teachers in public school, these teachers have shown lesser commitment as compared to teachers in private schools. In comparison, neophyte teachers from private and public school have greater commitment than those in senior level or those teachers receiving higher salary (p. 26-27). Other factors associated with increase in commitment in teachers according to study are: high-end-of career salary and individual autonomy for teachers. The professionalization and commitment of teachers affect so much the credibility of education imparted to students. Policies implemented in the school system certainly affect the general performance of the school. The goal which the school is heading have influenced not only on the teachers but among the student as well. Roelande Hofman said that studies have shown that private schools have a positive effect on academic achievement (p. 119). Hofman pointed out that private school have the freedom to the kind of students they want to enroll and kick out students who display behavior that violates their own set of rules. Because of this autonomy, it gives the private school authority to reject or to accept students which the public school had only limited autonomy (p. 19). On students and parents preference, private school seemed to attract more because of selection policy. Hofman noted that in public school, the diversity of students’ background as the individual characteristic of students home environment affect with the school. It means that the behavior and conduct of students in school affects the general performance of the school in the areas of character and conduct as Sizer has portrayed in his book, many of the students seemed to have lost appetite to seriously search and acquire knowledge through schooling. In fact, students’ activities inside the campus appeared to be unmonitored by the school authorities as students can transact illegal drugs inside the school premises. Whereas in private school, students activities are daily monitored and any unacceptable manner or any violation of the given rules would easily be met with either warning or punishment. The issue is that the student feels more responsible to study well as they carry in themselves the pride that they there among other students like them who are truly sincere in their study. In general, it appears that though the teachers in the public school have a much better salaries and benefit systems and are more stable in their position compared to their peers in the private schools, yet private school teachers are more committed in their work than teachers in the public school. Second, the policy and goals and vision seem to work well in the private school despite of the fact that teachers in the public school are more professional and more trained and more fitted to work because of the specialization in the field they are handling. Third, that despite of the fact that teachers in private school are less qualified in the position given the requirements required for a public school teacher, yet private school appeared to be preferential choice of parents and students for one more reason disciplined. The similarities between public and private have been quite obvious in the levels of commitment of female teachers than their male counterpart. Both the public and private teachers reflect that female teachers are slightly committed than their male counter part. The article cited that those who are more experienced teachers have less commitment than those new ones which is the same with the private schools. Aside from this, there was not much given similarities between the public and private school. In fact, some authors were even exaggerated to express that what is between public and private are distinct difference in all aspect. Thus, the similarities given were limited only in comparison of male and female teacher in the public as well as in the private school.

The Rural Development And Agritourisms

The Rural Development And Agritourisms As per the evidence in the chapter 2, it is clear that tourism is an important sector and it has the ability to contribute for national development of many countries in developed and also in developing world. In this chapter, relationship between agritourism; a form of rural tourism and rural development is going to be studied to understand the level of contribution of agritourism for the rural development using existing literature especially in developing countries. Therefore, this chapter establishes the vital theoretical background for this research. This chapter is consisted of three main sections. In the first section, information related to rural development including definitions, different sectors of rural development, a new paradigm of rural tourism and barriers of rural development in developing countries. The second section provides information related to agritourism such as the concept, definitions, theoretical basis of agritourism, activities of agritourism, factors affecting for successful agritourism, advantages and disadvantages of agritourism, impact of agritourism for local residents, important policies related to agritourism development and current situation and development of agritourism in the world and in Asia. In the last section, relationship between agritourism and rural development has been discussed in detail. 3.1 Concept of rural development Before understand what rural development is, it is important to look at what rural areas are. In general, rural areas are geographical areas that are located outside the towns or cities. Hamlets, villages, towns, and other small settlements are in or surrounded by rural areas. Rural areas are open swath of lands that has few homes or other buildings, and not very many people. In rural areas, population density is lower than urban areas. Still 70 percent of the worlds poor is living in rural areas (World Bank, 2010) and agriculture is the main source of income and employment. Agriculture and forestry represent activities which occupy many fields of land and play a primary role in the managing of the rich natural resources and in the formation of the landscape in the rural regions, where they constitute an essential part of the natural environment and cultural heritage. Wildlife is more frequently found in rural areas. Rural development generally refers to the process of improving the quality of life and economic wellbeing of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated rural areas. It aims at the improvement of welfare of rural populations through the sustained growth of the rural economy. As a concept, it connotes overall development of rural areas with a view to improve the quality of life rural people. As a phenomenon, it is the result of various physical, technological, economic, socio-cultural and institutional factors. As a discipline, it is multi-disciplinary in nature representing an intersection of agricultural, social, behavioral and management of sciences (Fotiadis, 2009.). Rural development is not simply an economic proposition; it has social, psychological and cultural dimensions as well. It is a multi-dimensional as well as multi-directional concept. Thus, rural development is a program designed to improve the socio-economic living conditions of the rural poor. It aims at raising their cultural level and reorienting their rich traditions. It seeks to achieve increase rural production and productivity, greater socio-economic equity and a higher standard of living for the rural poor. It is partly ameliorative and partly development-oriented (..). Development is interlinked with motivation, innovation and the active participation of the beneficiaries. Rural development recognizes the importance of improved food supplies and nutrition, as well as the importance of basic services such as health, housing, education and expanded communications, which will go a long way in enhancing the productivity of the rural poor. Moreover, it aims at providing gainful e mployment, so that the rural people too may contribute their mite to the national product. Rural development implies a fuller development of existing resources, including the construction of infrastructure, such as roads and irrigation works, the introduction of new production technology, the revival of traditional arts and crafts, and the creation of new types of institutions and organizations (Desai, 2005). Not like traditional rural development approach that was based on modernization theory, the contemporary rural development is a new rural development approach, representing a policy model that seeks to focus less on the production of primary commodities and more on innovation and diversification (Ploeg et al., 2000). The model claims to encourage more democratic and effective rural development on the basis that different local stakeholders are involved as decision makers in the development process, and that the emergent development outcome is more innovative and integrated as a result. (Macken-Walsh, 2009). 3.1.1 Definitions of Rural Development There is no universally accepted definition of rural development. The term is used in different ways in vastly divergent contexts. Rural development can be defined as the development of regions excluding the urban areas such as the towns and cities. Smaller settlements such as villages, farmsteads, and market towns are normally included within the concept of rural, while most of the land area is expected to be used as agricultural land, forest or in its natural state (Apostolides. 2001?). According to Robert Chambers, rural development is a strategy to enable a specific group of people, poor rural women and men, to gain for themselves, and their children more of what they want and need. It involves helping the poorest among those who seek a livelihood in the rural areas to demand and control more of the benefits of rural development. The group includes small-scale farmers, tenants and the landless. Rural development may be defined as overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people. It is an integrated process, which includes social, economical, political and spiritual development of the poorer sections of the society. Social or economic activities or initiatives designed to improve the standard of living in areas far away from large towns or cities. Thus, the term rural development may be used to imply any one of the above-mentioned connotations. The avoid ineffective floundering among the myriad definitions, it can be defined as a process leading to sustainable improvement in the quality of life of rural people, especially the poor 3.1.2 Barriers for rural development In many countries several problems can be identified against the rural development. They act as barriers to reach rural development. Most of them are common to number of countries. Some main barriers prevailing in developing countries can be summarized as follows. Depleting natural resources, resulting in insecurity of food and employment, compelling over majority of the rural population to live in poverty. Pollution of the environment and climate change, causing shortage of clean drinking water and adverse impact on agricultural production. Lack of employment opportunities, forcing the landless and small farmers to migrate to urban areas reducing young labour for the activities of rural areas. Poor access to education, resulting in low literacy and unemployment of the youth. Particularly among women having adverse effect on their skills development, employment productivity, family welfare and education of their children. Poor health status due to lack of clean drinking water, hygiene, sanitation and drainage facilities; Inadequate health care facilities, leading to high child mortality and morbidity; loss of labour productivity, economic loss, indebtedness and poor quality of life. Poor infrastructure for receiving timely information on development opportunities, market demand and prices for agricultural commodities, new technologies, forward and backward linkages, credit facilities and development policies of the government and Lack of technological skills to conduct processing and value addition to agricultural and other local products available in rural areas. Lack of peoples organizations and participation for supporting various socio-economic development activities and governing themselves (Hegde, 2010; Walsh, 2009; Commission on Sustainable Development, 2007). If we can overcome these problems, significant level of rural development can be obtained. It is the responsibility of the government to create a suitable environment for rural people to engage in rural development activities to gain sustainable development. 3.1. 3 New rural development paradigm As explained earlier, the traditional rural development approaches mainly based on industrial sector and modernization path. Decline in number of farms and a sharp drop in employment opportunities were seen as inevitable outcomes of this model. In addition, regional disparities increased and tensions grew between farming on the one hand and landscape, nature, environment and product on the other (Knickel 1990; Meyer 1996; Roep 2000). Until the early 1990s, due to scale-enlargement, intensification, specialization, within other sectors, a strong trend towards internalization was the parameters that circumscribed developments in the agricultural sector. With the understanding of these issues, present rural development means a new developmental model for the agricultural sector. This model entails societys expectations of agriculture and with the interests, prospect and perspectives of increasing segments of the agrarian community. In brief, new rural development can be seen as the sear ch for a new agricultural development model which is targeting to use rural resources in an effective manner to distribute benefits for the majority of the community. It is impossible and undesirable to refer to rural development as a new blueprint, but understanding of what elements should comprise in this new model are emerging fast. (Mannion 1996; Saraceno 1996) Agritourism, an alternative for diversification of agriculture is one of the main elements of it. 3.2 Concept of Agritourism Agritourism can be explained as a farm enterprise operated for the enjoyment and education of the public that may also generate additional income for the farmer by promoting farm products and experiences and giving many opportunities to local community to enhance their living standards (Wilson, Thilmany, Sullins, 2006). The concept is gaining popularity and its providing a great escape for people in urban environment from their high-paced, strenuous and many times monotonous lifestyle. At the same time its helping the new generation to get first-hand experience of the rural life, which otherwise is limited only to the books for them. Spending time on the farms, interacting with the local people and farmers to get an insight into their day-to-day work and their traditions, participating in the local fairs and festivals, doing the actual work on the farm, milking the cow, riding a bullock cart, are some of the activities that can be enjoyed on an agritourism outing. 3.2.1 Theoretical basis of agritourism Agritourism is multifunctional and cooperative strategy (Sidali, Spiller and Schulze, 2011; Wilson, 2007; Essex, et. al., 2005; Schmitt, 2010; Mason, 2000). The post-productivits agricultural system is the new approach in agricultural development. It is very complicated than subsistence and productivits agriculture systems (Topcu, 2007). Post-productivits agriculture system is a broad concept and the five main tasks of it are qualitative priorities in food production, alternative income sources for farmers and sustainability of agricultural lands, conservation of environment and new employment opportunities. Agritourism can easily link with these new aspects of agricultural development. Moreover, agritourism can be performed in five important sectors such as agricultural economic, socio-cultural, environmental and educational context in an effective manner. Further, since it is highly involved with the gender factor, agritourism as a gender approach is also having higher importance ( Topcu, 2007; Sidali, Spiller and Schulze; 2011; Wilson, 2007; Essex, et. al., 2005). 3.2.2 Definitions of agritourism Before 1990, only a little information has been published on agritourism. This lack of information was one of the reasons for the absence for the commonly accepted definition (Lack, 1997). However, after 1990, the research literature on agritourism has flourished and several number of definitions are available now (McGehee Kim, 2004). Some selected definitions of agritourism are as follows. Agritourism can be defined as the practice of engaging in activities, events and services that has been provided to consumers for recreational, entertainment, or educational purposes at a farm, ranch, or other agricultural, horticultural, or agribusiness operation in order to allow consumers to experience, learn about, and participate in various facets of agricultural industry, culinary pursuits, natural resources, and heritage (Colorado Agritourism Research Project, 2010). Tew (2010) cited The Agribusiness Development Division of the Missouri Department of Agriculture (2010) defines agritourism as, visiting a working farm or any agricultural, horticultural, or agribusiness operation for the purpose of appreciation, enjoyment, education, or recreational involvement with agricultural, natural or heritage resources Agritourism as an innovative agricultural activity related to tourism and agriculture both in which has capacity to create additional source of income and employment opportunities to the farmers and local communities (Maruti, 2009). Agritourism can be characterized as a business or activity that invites visitors to come on-farm or into a rural community to enjoy agriculture, its produce and the natural environment in which it exists. Agritourism is generally an additional enterprise added to the farm, integrating tourism into agri-business (Porcaro, 2009). An activity, enterprise or business which combines primary elements and characteristics of agriculture and tourism and provides an experience for visitors which stimulates economic activity and impacts both farm and community income (Bruch, 2008). Tourism on a working farm in which visitors can experience a direct connection with the host farm, rural life and/or the local environment. There is not a consistent definition of agritourism in the literature, and it has been used interchangeably with other terms. For example, some studies have previously been synonymously linked to rural tourism, farm tourism, agro-tourism, agricultural tourism and farm based vacation (Seong-woo and Sou-yeon, 2006; Ilbery, 1998; Ilbery, 1991). However, the main idea of all of these definitions is more or less similar. As a whole, agritourism can be explained as an interaction among agricultural producers, visitors, and local residents. Operators (mainly farmers) can earn extra income from the farm, visitors can get real knowledge and experience on farming and local residents can enhance their living slandered in several ways. 3.2.3 Working definition for agritourism in the study For the purpose of this study, agritourism is defined as tourism activities that conduct in working farm and surrounding, for enjoyment, education, recreation of visitors, hoping an additional income for the operator from farm resources in special and sustainable local development in general. This is the working definition for agritourism in this study that is suitable in Sri Lankan context. After having strong theoretical knowledge and practical experience in agritourism sector, this was developed, including considering the main purposes of agritourism visitors, motivation of agritourism operators and expectations of local residents for rural development. Economic, social, environmental dimensions have been included in this definition. 3.2.4 Activities involved in agritourism Normally, agritourism activities are the tourism activities take place in agricultural lands and surrounding rural environments. The number of agritourism activities mainly depends on the size of the farm and nature of the farming activities. These activities are important for the visitors to enjoy and learn agriculture. Blacka et al (2001) has divided agritourism activities in Virginia, into six categories as lodging and camping (bed breakfast, camp sites, youth camp, farm vacation, weddings, honeymoons), special events and festivals (music festivals, haunted house, holiday celebrations, harvest festivals) Off the farm (farmers markets, roadside produce stands), recreational activities and events (fee fishing, hiking, rock climbing, horseback riding, skeet shooting), tourism related direct marketing (pick your own fruits/vegetables, sell processed food on the farm, sell herbal organic products) an youth and or adult education (Organized tours, agricultural educational programs, dem onstrations). Lack (1995) divided agritourism British Colombia, into three groups as retail sales/ direct marketing (goods produced on-site, customer harvested produce and goods produced off-site), Tours (tour of processing facilities, scenic tours and tours of production facilities) and activities (accommodation, cultural activities, recreation and educational or hands on experiences). It is important to include all the possible agritourism activities because it helps to increase the length of stay and satisfaction of the visitors. In European countries, in a farm there are activities for visitors even for several days. However, the number of agritourism activities is lower in Asian countries. Further, activities in agritourism and rural tourism havent clearly categorized yet and most of the time they are used interchangeably. Briefly, a successful agritourism operation should have three aspects. They are the need to have things for visitors to see (educational tours, historical recreations, festivals/special events, crop arts), things for visitors to do (educational activities, petting zoos, hay rides, pick your own) and things for visitors to buy (food drinks, farm products, souvenirs). Things to see and do are often offered free of charge. But, money can be earned by selling things to the visitors (Adam, 2001). Agritourism can be used as primary, supplementary or complementary enterprise. As a primary enterprise, agritourism would be the main activity in the farm. Agritourism could be a minor activity in supplementary enterprises and it would share equal footing in complementary enterprises (Blacka et al., 2001). Agritourism can consist of different alternatives such as temporary attraction or special event, part of a large agriculture-oriented destination, part of a large non-agriculture-oriented dest ination, and complete agritourism agritourism operation. Different forms agritourism business Farmers can incorporate agritourism activities to their farms in various ways according to the situation. Four possible ways are; as a supplementary, complementary or primary enterprise, farmer must be ready to think creatively and plan effectively in order to success the agritourism enterprise (Mnguni, 2010). Supplementary enterprise In a supplementary enterprise, agritourism could be a minor activity that would support the other products on the farm. For example, if the primary enterprise is crop production, educational and training programs can be introduced with marketing facility of value added crop products. Complementary enterprise In a complementary enterprise, agritourism activities have equal share with other enterprises in the farm product mix. For instance, if there is a grapes production enterprise on the farm, it the farmer wants to sell half of the grapes to a whole seller and the remainder to pick-your-own operations for visitors on the farm, then the two enterprises would be complementary enterprises. The primary enterprise In the primary enterprise, agritourism would be the major activity on the farm. For example, suppose that a farmer wants to open a winery on the farm and invite guests to spend the day or the weekend tasting wine. As a part of the wine tasting package, farmer may include overnight lodging in a cottage on your farm. You may produce grapes for the wine on your farm to supplement your wine tasting activities. Here agritourism is the main part of the farm product mix and it becomes the primary enterprise (Bernardo, Valentin and Leatherman, 2007; Blacka, et al, 2001). 3.2.5 Issues and challenges of agritourism development As agritourism is a business activity, lots of requirements are essential for the successfulness of it. However, as agritourism is conduct mainly in rural areas by farmers, presence of several issues and challenges is a common phenomenon. For example, a study by Lack (1995) in British Colombia, has discovered that, lack of training, marketing knowledge, quality control, finance, appropriate insurance, excessive regulations, personal challenges for farm families, conflict with primary agricultural production, distance from markets, infrastructure limitations and farm disease are the challenges of agritourism development in that country. Agritourism in Nova Scotia has some obstacles. Many agritourism operators face the problem of lack of assistance and the knowledge required to produce market-ready products as Nova Scotia Tourism and Culture is reluctant to include and to enhance agritourism in their marketing campaigns. This lack of support hinders the development of agritourism produ cts and services resulting poorly developed and marketed products by farmers. So, farmers could not develop many skills required to operate an effective tourism business (Colton and Bissix, 2005). A study in Haryana, India has reported that the Lack of funds for publicity and advertisement less number of visitors, Lack of technology to develop farm tourism, lack of motivation of farmers, inadequate price for farm products/activities as major constraints in establishing agritourism (Shehrawat, 2009). In Sri Lanka, issues and challenges in agritourism are small size farm lands, lack of required skills for the operators, poor level of processing of agricultural products, low level of publicity and promotion are the significant factors. Furthermore, lack of visitors, environmental pollution, poor condition on infrastructure, are the common problems for all the operators (Malkanthi and Routray, 2011b). Although there are few differences, most of the issues and challenges are common for many countries. As issues and challenges are negatively affect for the growth of the sector, finding solutions is utmost important. 3.2.6 Sustainability in agritourism operations Sustainable tourism development is supposed to meet the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled, while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems (World Tourism Organization, 1999) Therefore, Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability. Same as other tourism destinations, sustainability of agritourism destinations are very important in long run. Although most of the destinations that are feasible in short run, face difficulties in survival in long run. So, economic feasibility, social acceptability and environmental friendliness of tourism operations are equally applicable to agritourism as well. World Tourism Organization (2001), defines sustainable development as convene the requirement of present tourists and host regions as caring and improving opportunity for prospect. Its management of resources satisfies in way of economical, social and aesthetic needs satisfying while maintaining cultural integrity necessary for ecological processes, biological diversity and existence support system. Markandya, et.al., (2003) have reported that the three main linkages among tourism and sustainable development are economic, social and environmental. Tourism can kill itself if we mismanage the tourism activities and places (Yalcin Kuwan Perran Akan, 2001). Unspoiled natural environment is an asset of the industry. It will create the competitive advantage to the industry (Cater, 1993). The implementation and success of policies of sustainability, in employing tourism income to support social and cultural development and wild life conservation, require strategy framework which guides tourism development in a balanced and coherent way (Hall, 1998). Economic feasibility As one element of destinations economy, tourism must support a viable economic base. A healthy economy enables a country, region or city to pursue initiatives designed to enhance the quality of its residents (Ritchie Crouch, 2003). Traditional way of management of tourism destination was rather productive and resource-centered. But since there are limits in adapting to the market, the present strategy is combined supply and market let approach. In this context, management of demand is highly responsible for the sustainable tourism development (Kastenholz, 2004). So, instead of profit maximization of a destination by damaging the environment in short term, now the principle is to obtain the optimum profit. Economic benefits are positively related with the number of visitors. Further arrangement of traditional and cultural events is cost effective with this large number. However, as agritourism is a niche market, socio-culturally and environmentally sustainable, cooperation of cultural activities is very important. Socio-cultural feasibility It is widely accepted that local community participation is essential in sustainable tourism. Since agritourism is a service industry, goodwill and cooperation of host communities are the key factors of the success of the industry (Cole, 2006; Knowd, 2006). It is more important for the positive effects of tourism to the local community. It should be free from negative effects to the community. So, it is essential to test the social acceptability of tourism destinations (Gonzalez and Falcon, 2003). Convery, Dutson Scott (2006) found out the importance of stronger link between tourism and surrounding communities. The study also emphasizes the importance of social capital and social network in remote upland rural locations for the success of the operation. Most common measurement in tourism socio cultural force is the relation of visitors to the local population. Vital indicators are the stay-over time and average length of stay (Mcelroy, 2003). Sharpley (2002) said that socio-cultural growth includes population of remote areas, development and maintenance of public services, renewal of local craft, customs and cultural recognition. So it influences the chance for social control and exchange. Environmental feasibility Tourism destination should less damage to the surrounding environment; especially it should be free from serious environmental pollution activities. So, it should match with environmental rules and regulations and followed by Environment Impact Assessment (United Nations, 1999). However, the literature reveals that little evidence is there regarding environment being considered by farmers, planners and tourism professionals (Kline et al. 2007). Thus, sustainable agritourism should ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed, including stable employment and income-earning opportunities and social services to host communities, and contributing to poverty alleviation. Also, respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, conserve their built and living cultural heritage and traditional values, and contribute to inter-cultural understanding and tolerance. It should make careful use of environmental resources that constitute a key element in tourism development, maintaining essential ecological processes and helping to conserve natural heritage and biodiversity. Sustainable agritourism development requires the informed participation of all relevant stakeholders, as well as strong political leadership to ensure wide participation and consensus building. Achieving sustainable agritourism is a continuous process and it requires constant monitoring of impacts, introducing the necessary preventive and/or corrective measures whenever necessary. Furthermore, it should also maintain a high level of tourist satisfaction and ensure a meaningful experience to the tourists, raising their awareness about sustainability issues and promoting sustainable tourism practices amongst them. Although it is difficult and expensive, agritourism development should follow the sustainable tourism procedures to obtain the real benefits of it forever. However, most of the operators in many countries mainly emphasize only on short term economic advantages without social and environmental benefits. This is the reason for the breakdown of many tourism operations including agritourism, within a short time period. 3.2.7 Government policies in agritourism In general local government is the most important authority in establishing tourism development policies (Perce, 1989). However, the types and the content of its involvement vary from country to country based on the political, economic, and constitutional systems. In many European countries governments have supported the growth of the agritourism sector. There are national policies for the support and development of agritourism in a number of countries for a long time. For instance, in France, state financial aids to support the renovation of redundant farm buildings into accommodation facilities were introduced in 1954. Farms in Italy, Germany and Denmark also have long benefited from national support for the development of tourist facilities (Frater, 1983; Nilsson, 2002). In Britain, Scheme offering financial incentives and advices about diversification, together with partial relaxation of planning restrictions, have facilitated the development of farm-based tourism. The farm diversification Grant Scheme introduced by the ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in 1988, was one of the first measures offering grants to farmers to help them develop diversification schemes (Walford, 2001). According to Douglas Douglas, (2001); Fernando, Rebollo Biadal, (2003), it is important to develop policies in a proactive nature to lay the foundation and capture the development potential of tourism for rural communities. So, the national rural tourism strategy of a country must emphasis on infrastructure development, product development, accreditation and industrial standards, education and training, market analysis and the role of government authorities and industrial leaders in further developing the rural tourism product. Ritchie Crouch (2003) reported that policy is an important factor which ensures the success of tourism destination. It also creates a friendly environment among stakeholders. Therefore, the main objectives of agritourism policy are to minimize and alleviate negative environmental, s

The Different Styles of Learning for Students Essay -- essays papers

The Different Styles of Learning for Students Just as in culture differences between colors of skin and the spoken language, people have different styles of learning. In the modern day classroom, children use all different learning styles. Teachers need to learn how to incorporate all the styles in their activities and involve every student so no one is left behind. The purpose of this paper is to identify the different learning styles that are applied to factors that effect learning. There are six main factors that have an affect or impediment on learning. They are brain processes, social factors, environmental factors, senses, physical needs, and emotional attitudes. (Creative Learning 1997) How students process within their brain is key on the learning style that would be most effective for them. The way a brain processes had either 2 ways to do it, left brain or right brain. The right brain is a person who thinks of a whole picture. As compared to a left brain thinker, who thinks and processes information in parts. Right brain thinkers also process information simultaneously and are impulsive thinkers. They do not weigh the pros and cons of situations as much as left brain thinkers, or reflective thinkers. Social factors play an important role in a students learning. The way a student learns is dependent on the number of people that are involved teaching, or the number of peers that are also learning. In a large group setting such as a lecture hall with 100-200 people, a person has to be attentive and pay close attention. There is less one on one contact with the professor because he can’t reach all of the students. Usually in a larger setting like this there is more group work. In a smaller setting, s... ...ions and expressions to judge and comprehend the information, and thus form new ideas from that information. The fourth and final general style is the same as one of the multiple intelligences. It is the interpersonal style of learning. They work well in groups and helping others out due to their normally stable understanding of the information within themselves. Each of the four general styles of learning covers the eight styles displayed in Howard Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences. Even today, psychologists still find different ways to better identify how the students learn best and which method should be used. Just as technology, the information is getting better as we evolve. Through the eight different learning styles, people can better understand how to teach and how to shine in their best light, creating a more productive environment.

Russells Treatment of Self-Discovery in Educating Rita :: English Literature

Russell's Treatment of Self-Discovery in Educating Rita (A) "RITA: See, I don't want a baby yet. See, I wanna discover meself first. Do you understand that?" Write about Russell's treatment of self-discovery and of its importance in the lives of the play's characters. The idea of self-discovery is a theme that runs throughout Educating Rita, demonstrating how it can be a personal mission as well as an accidental achievement in life. Both Frank and Rita, as well as the other, more minor characters, embark on this journey as Rita begins her Open University course. When Rita begins her the English Literature course, she is raring to go and wants to know "everything". She also puts in words, her personal desire for self-discovery. "I wanna discover meself." Rita knew from the beginning that she was on a mission and knew where she was going. Frank on the other hand, is quite content with his way of life and finds the idea of a "silly woman's attempts to get into the mind of Henry James" highly amusing although it does interrupt the monotony of his potentially extremely boring and predictive lifestyle. Russell demonstrates the idea of "self-discovery" through Rita by showing the way in which Rita has progressed during the play. At the beginning, Rita is the innocent student who wants "choices". She feels that she will be able to escape from the vicious circle that exists in working class society. The first signs of Rita's discovery are shown through her actions. Her first entrance is a forced entry into the office of Frank, whilst on her second visit she oils the door to make it easier for her to enter. Eventually, Russell no longer shows her entrance into the office but has her already there when the scene begins. Frank, shows less signs of self-discovery although he does in fact discover rather a lot about himself because of Rita. Frank has a drinking habit that he acknowledges but he does hide the signs of it and when Rita thinks she's "reformed" him he finds it highly amusing. Although Frank does not in fact cease drinking, he does get worse and it is the ultimate reason for his "sabbatical" to Australia. On the other hand, Frank's relationship with his former student Julia disintegrates as his fondness for Rita grows. Russell does this to show how the life of the teacher who is apparently stuck in a rut is also changing. The areas that Rita studies show how she has progressed. When she begins to form her own ideas which would hold their own in an examination, Frank doesn't appreciate it, he thinks that the progress

Enron collapse A look back Essay

Enron collapse: A look back Introduction                   Enron was formed as a result of merging with another company and it became a successful corporate. The joy of the business owners is to see how it grows fast and to attract more investors. There are rules and regulation that governs the corporate financial report that is open for inspection by potential investors (Folger, 2011). The audit of these financial reports should disclose the accurate financial state of the company and this should be made known to the stakeholders of the company. The stakeholders of a company play an important role in progress of the business and the going concern of the company (Sterling, 2002). The company of Enron did not manage its debts and therefore looked for means of hiding the truth from its stakeholders so as to continue making profit.                   The aim of a business is to make profit and be able to pay the debts of the creditors and also attract investors who are interested in the business. Most investor relay on the financial statement to determine whether to invest or not to invest (Folger, 2011). The Enron Company was a big company that was famous and successful before its fall. The corporate attracted many investors since they financial report showed how the business was growing at high rate (Bauer, 2009). However the corporate management did not disclose the true and fair view of the financial reports. The financial report of a company should not mislead the shareholders or its members.                   Moreover, in the Enron scandal there were some cases in which it showed misconduct of its financial reporting since the corporate did not display true and fair financial accountings to its stakeholders. The corporate used financial fabrication and mark- market accounting to hide its actual debts and real financial situation (Folger, 2011). These reports made the investor believe that the corporate was making profit while it was making losses in real sense. It is also a form of fraud to stakeholders since it cannot meet all its debts and in case of winding up majority of the investors and shareholder would suffer greatly. The Enron scandal was deemed to be great since it had huge debts to settle and its assets could not settle these debts.                   Indeed, financial misconduct affects a large group of stakeholder and leaves a great mark that cannot be erased (Sterling, 2002). For example the shareholders of Enron corporate were highly affected and suffered a loss of billions that were not recovered since the corporate went bankrupt and the assets of the business were also false in existence. The investors also suffered greatly from these financial misconduct, they lost their resources. In addition, the employees suffered greatly by losing billions of pension benefits due to the misconduct of financial reports which led to the bankruptcy of the Enron therefore could no longer pay them (Folger, 2011).                   The financial statement of a company is very important to the investors, it gives an over view of the stability of the business and its ability to pay debts. The Enron corporate failed to disclose true and fair view financial statements by hiding its real financial reports and the investors were misled and also due to many investments made by the company lead to its bankruptcy (Sterling, 2002). The purpose of accurate financial reports is to help the investors and also the company to know to what extent they should contract or invest in other businesses. It also helps in managing of the company’s debt thus making profit but the Enron was only interested in making a lot of profits that led to their down fall.                   Ethics are rules that govern every business and its members on how to conduct their daily roles in the company (Brady, & Dunn, 1995). In other words, the managers of this corporate owe their loyalty to its stakeholders and their interest ought to be the interest of the business (Bauer, 2009). In deontology of the Enron corporate, the management had a duty and obligations to display the true statement of finance and also to operate the business in the interest of the stakeholders and not their interest. As the leaders they ought to make sure that the going concern of the business is kept and the assets of the company are secured. In addition, the duty of the Enron managers was to disclose the true and fair view of financial reports (Bauer, 2009).                   On other hand, utilitarian is a form ethic that is used to show the positive side of the organization, for example by disclosing the false statement to stakeholders thus blinding them of the real situation (Folger, 2011). The Enron leaders used different methods to conceal the truth about its debts and faked the profits. They made the business look attractive and therefore more investors invested in the business. At the end, the ethics rules were violated and the leaders had a role to play .Enron had a role to disclose the truth which could have rescued the company (Bauer, 2009). If at the beginning, the company revealed the truth it would not have ended bankrupt and the employees would have secured their jobs. Finally, the company had a duty to disclose the true financial statements and also save the company from falling and the scandals would have been avoided. The companies should put into practice the ethics governing the corporates. Therefore, to pr event any future happenings such as the past frauds in the company, there has been an enhanced regulation as well as oversight in the company (Folger, 2011). References Bauer, A. (2009). The Enron scandal and the Sarbanes-Oxley-Act. München: GRIN Verlag. Brady, F. N., & Dunn, C. P. (1995). Business meta-ethics: An analysis of two theories. Business Ethics Quarterly, 385-398. Folger, J. (2011). The Enron collapse: A look back. Investopedia, December 1. Retrieved October 25, 2014, at http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1211/the-enron-collapse-a-look-back.aspx Sterling, T. F. (2002). The Enron scandal. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Source document