Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 18

There were two hundred blocks between the Richards' mansion and downtown New York City. Just under ten miles. But moving like a vampire isn't like running in a normal sense, especially as I had just drained one of the Richards' goats. If I was a blur to the world, so was the world to me. My head was down as I spent my entire focus on avoiding the obstacles right before me and trying to exhaust myself. Down from the rocky cliffs and heights of Fort Tryon with its cool trees, and through the valley that separated it from the rest of the city. Back into civilization, the unpaved dirt roads that smelled of dust and plants, particularly the tobacco I recognized from my native Virginia. After enduring a week of waiting and watching and trying to outthink my brother, I just wanted it to all be over. And now it wasn't. Damon couldn't kill Winfield until the cash was available, and who knew how long that was going to be. In the meantime I had to stay with Bridget, keep tabs on the Sutherlands, pretend to be happily married, and continue to try and figure out Damon's endgame. I was caught in a web of guilt; every move of mine stuck another limb deeper. I just wanted to break free. I wish I could live in solitude. If I had to live out eternity as a vampire, at the very least I could leave no evidence of it. No deaths, no injury, no hurt, no evidence of my unnatural existence at all. I was running from myself, my new self, and could never escape, just as I ran from Damon, my shadow in this endless afterlife. The scent of nature soon gave way to the reek of sewage and rot that clung to even rich neighborhoods. In the alleyways behind the giant houses, servants dumped slop out into back streets and milk carts left fresh dairy products on back steps. All they would notice was a strange rush of wind, a vacuum that had been created in my passing, a momentary darkening against a brick wall like a cloud had passed over the sun. In the Garment District my nose was assailed by the harsh tang of chemicals and the singeing of fibers as young women cut, sewed, and dyed cloth in the factories that were beginning to replace the farms in New York City. Leaning against the fire escape with their sleeves pushed up, small clusters of these young women smoked cigarettes on their precious breaks. As I tore by one girl, cutting it very close, my tail wind snuffed out her match. I looked back to see her staring, confused, at the feather of smoke. Soon I was overcome by the smell of human flesh and waste. Of horse manure and flickering gas lamps. Of industry, print and ink and black smog, of the river, briny fish, and finally a fresh breeze. These were the only details of the city I took in, all sounds and sights muted to a roaring black and white. Expensive perfume and flowers. Butchered meat and smoky bacon. Lemon and ginger†¦ I stopped suddenly, in the middle of Washington Square. That was Katherine's perfume. A hand clasped my shoulder, and I spun around expectantly. But instead of seeing the dark curls of the woman who had made me, I found myself face-to-face with Damon, who stood there, one eyebrow raised in condescending amusement. My face fell and I slumped, exhaustion and despair overtaking me. I didn't even bother shaking off his hand. Where was I going to go, really? My brother had followed me all the way up the East Coast. So long as I refused to drink human blood, he would always be stronger, faster than I was. I was only delaying the inevitable by trying to escape whatever he had planned next. â€Å"It's our wedding night, brother. Where are you off to?† Damon's voice was sharp. Exhausted from my marathon of pain and escape, I just stood there. â€Å"I was going to come back.† Damon rolled his eyes. â€Å"I'll get us a cab,† he said, snapping his fingers. One came over immediately. â€Å"Seventy-third and Fifth,† he ordered, through the trap door. â€Å"We're going to the Sutherlands'?† I asked, confused. â€Å"Not the Richards'?† â€Å"We're going home,† Damon corrected. â€Å"And yes, the reception's over. You ran out at the very end.† â€Å"What did you tell Bridget?† I couldn't help asking. While I didn't love her, I felt bad about abandoning her at her own wedding. In some ways, it was the worst thing that I could do to a girl like her. Damon rolled his eyes. â€Å"Don't worry. They don't even realize you've gone missing.† â€Å"So you haven't killed them yet?† â€Å"Whoever said I was going to kill them?† he asked innocently. â€Å"Do you think I'm some kind of monster?† â€Å"Yes,† I said. â€Å"Well, I am what you made me,† Damon said with a tip of his hat. â€Å"You're not making this any easier,† I muttered. â€Å"You must have me mistaken for someone who cares about making your life easier,† Damon said, suddenly cold, his eyes flashing. â€Å"You know, you've taken a lot of effort to make sure you stay in my life,† I pointed out. â€Å"Are you sure it's just to make me miserable?† He stared at me. â€Å"What are you getting at?† â€Å"I think you need me, Damon,† I growled. â€Å"I think that under your anger, you're scared and horrified of what you've become. I am the last link to your human self, the only person who knows who you are. And I'm the only person for the rest of eternity who will.† Damon narrowed his eyes at me. â€Å"Brother, you don't know anything about me,† he hissed. He threw the door of the cab open and swung himself up and out. A soft thunk indicated he had landed on the roof. I stuck my head out the window and looked up. I watched with horror as Damon picked up the driver and ripped his neck open, sucking only a mouthful or two before throwing him off the cab and on to the street. â€Å"Damon! Stop!† I yelled, but it was too late. I tried to dive out the door, to go after the injured man, but Damon threw an arm out and pushed me back into the carriage as he sped around a corner. Perched on top of the cab, mouth covered in blood, Damon whipped the horse into a frothing frenzy. And so we two brothers hurled northward, one driving and one being driven, like Satan compelling the damned.

Police and Critical Thinking

As a police officer it is our role to observe, think about, and solve problems objectively and systematically. Police officers attend a variety of scenarios when working as a general duties officers it is our job to discover the truth; this requires the use of critical thinking and the scientific method of investigation to find the truth. When attending a job and conducting an investigation into a crime or offence police must utilise these skills as critical thinking and the scientific method of investigation go hand in hand with one another. In particular, to be able to make effective use of the scientific model, you need to be a critical thinker (Osterburg & Ward 1992 pp 11). Using the Scientific Method of Investigation requires police to identify the problem on arrival, then to form a hypothesis as to what has happened as well as possible suspects and motives. By collecting further data, police can then review their original hypothesis and start to make an evidence based conclusion on the incident at hand. The whole point of police investigations whatever the crime or incident is to arrive at the truth (Miller,L & Connelly,M. 1996). There are six steps to the scientific method of investigation. (Becker, RF, 2000, p. 7) The six steps are state the problem, create a hypothesis, collect all data, test the hypothesis, continue to collect data and finally arrive at a theory. By adhering to this method it provides framework that best assists police in discovering the truth about what happened in a structural, factual and reliable way. PPP232 Topic 3) In this essay I will be critiquing the way the police officers have investigated the assault on Mr Lee that took place and how the officers have used both critical thinking and the scientific method of Investigation, to gather all evidence available to find the truth, in an ethical manner. When applying the first stage of the investigation to the scenario the officers attending the scene are approached by the licensee of the Chiefly Hotel. Denis e Spence informs Senior Constable Baltrow that a barman who works in her hotel has been assaulted. Previous experience and observations are both factors which aid us in identifying a problem; this is known as ‘inductive reasoning. ’ In this case, I believe, both factors come into play for Senior Constable Baltrow. Senior constable Baltrow then begins to question the licensee. During the questioning process a male appears from down the street who seems to be out of breath. This male Gary Rawlings, states to police he has just chased a male who assaulted Dan Lee. It appears Mr Rawlings has a lot of valuable information about the assault. By using Denise and Gary’s evidence the Officer in charge is able to identify that a male has been assaulted and taken to Bathurst hospital. The problem has now been identified and the Officers can use their initial observations and the current information they have gathered to begin to form the hypothesis. â€Å"A working hypothesis is like an incomplete puzzle that comes together a piece at a time. † (Becker, 2000. pp. 4). After forming a logical hypothesis that the victim was assaulted by a male, it is now up to the officers to â€Å"Collect Further Data†. Whilst collecting data the Officers will be identifying, utilizing and evaluating various sources of information and evidence collected at the scene to help support their hypothesis. Both the statements give evidence to prove the assault took place but police have no information as to why the assault happened. Constable Buchman points out to Senior constable Baltrow that there is CCTV footage available. In collecting data it is also crucial for the police to be able to link all the evidence presented from witness, victim and available evidence from the crime scene. The next step in the investigation is to interpret the data and test the hypothesis. The statements made by the witnesses may change the officer’s hypothesis from ‘was the assault carried out intentionally or was in self-defence, the CCTV footage will provide officers with valuable evidence to support their hypothesis. For the officers to come to a decision, about their initial hypothesis, it requires critical thinking about their line of investigation. Critical thinking is an integral part of the scientific method of investigation. It is the examination and test of propositions of any kind which are offered for acceptance, in order to find out whether they correspond to reality or not. (Nixon, Stefanovic, & O’Conner, 2009, p. 74). The concept of critical thinking includes inductive and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is the process of arriving at a conclusion based on a set of observations. In itself it is not a valid piece of evidence as it can lead to assumptions, stereotypes and prejudices about a suspect. It can also lead to tunnel vision. Deductive reasoning is using the evidence and information at hand to create specific facts and ideas about what occurred during an incident. Its use can help create a hypothesis to help investigators advance in an investigation. It is a starting point for an investigation not a conclusion and an integral part of the scientific method of investigation (PPP232 Module 3). It is not your job to punish: your job is to discover the; who, what, where, when, how and why of an event, and then to report the matter to another authority (Court, Coroner, DPP, Workcover etc). This is the key role of investigation – discovering the truth of the matter and this subject strives to expand your knowledge and skills so you become an effective, professional and ethical investigator. The data that the investigating police were provided with through the investigation process was able to offer police with a sequence of events, before, during and after the incident. The data collected by the police has ensured that the witnesses version of events, matched up with the CCTV footage at the scene. This shows how important evidence is in the investigation process as it allows police to correctly identify and charge suspects according to law. The officers in the scenario believe they are dealing with an assault. To help investigate the crime further the officers will now gather additional data. The officers collect the CCTV footage which will play vital part in the investigation. A description of the suspect is given to Senior constable Baltrow and is broadcasted over the police radio. The officer in charge then proceeds further into the investigation when he is informed about a piece of wood which was used in the assault. The Officer locates the piece of wood and records, photographs and collects this evidence. The next stage of the investigation is to take statements from the witnesses, victim, to obtain a copy of the CCTV footage, and search the area for further witnesses or evidence. Police would then send out Forensic service Group to see if there is any further evidence they can obtain from the scene. The CCTV footage obtained will confirm the witness’s versions. The police now attend Bathurst Hospital to speak with Mr Lee and Catherine James about what occurred at the Chiefly Hotel. Their statements will be a vital part of the investigation. Police observations of Mr Lee’s injuries are consistent with the statements gathered. Police take statements which confirm and support the facts gathered about the assault. Over the radio police get a call stating that a male has been caught trespassing on a property. On arrival the person of interest appears to match the description of the accused involved in the assault at the Chiefly hotel. Applying critical thinking to the new evidence given about a male attempting to break into a property at Bathurst, police now have the suspect allowing for the investigation to begin. The officers are able to caution the offender and begin questioning Jason Priest about the assault. During the questioning process the accused states that the victim came up to him and assaulted him with the piece of wood. Using the CCTV footage the police will now have to view the footage to test this theory. At this stage of the investigation the officers believe they have sufficient data to support their decision on arresting the accused. The Officers will now need to collate any further evidence which would be beneficial to their case such as the victim and witness statements, CCTV footage, forensic evidence from the scenes and the photo identification back at Bathurst Police Station. The data which has been collected is all evidence that meets the description and identifies the suspect. Now that the police have obtained vital information they are able to place the two men out the front of the Chiefly hotel. The victim and first witness supplied important information to the Officers which allowed them to start the investigation, the officers were able to obtain sufficient data to support what type of offence was committed. The only barrier could be the witnesses may drawback from an investigation as they could be affected by emotion, threats, or fear to give their true account on what happened. The responding officers are in a position not only to influence the victim’s feelings, perceptions and assessments regarding the victimisation experience, but whether the victim will assist in the prosecution of the case. ’ In this prosecution the CCTV is important as it shows who has the piece of wood and the method in which it was used, intent or self-defence. The CCTV footage helps the officers comprehend what has occurred and collaborate the versions that hav e been represented by the witnesses. Police have obtained 3 forms of evidence: Real, Original and Documentary. Real evidence is an object, something tangible that is found at a crime scene or is related to an offence. In this scenario an example of real evidence is the piece of wood that was used by the accused as a weapon in the assault. Original evidence is evidence given by a witness, a statement and anything said by a person in relation to the offence and what they saw. Police obtained statements from Denise, Catherine James and Mr Lee. Documentary evidence is anything that can be classed as a document. Relating to this scenario the officers took photos of the weapon in the assault and collected CCTV footage from Denise the licensee of the hotel. From gathering and assessing all evidence police can now â€Å"Draw an Evidence Based Conclusion†. It is now up to the officers to use critical thinking to link all pieces of evidence to the crime to find the truth. By individualising each piece of evidence found, the officers can identify what each piece of evidence means, determine the reliability of the evidence and what range of conclusions can be drawn from it. By collecting further data, police can then review their original hypothesis and start to make an evidence based conclusion. When undertaking any role as a police officer it is important to maintain professionalism by acting in an ethical manner, The† Code of Conduct and Ethics† and â€Å"Statement of Values† provide guide lines for police to adhere to when undertaking this role. Police must always act in an ethical manner throughout their role as a police officer. Everything a police officer does is under scrutiny from fellow officers, victims, witnesses and of course the public, which is why it crucial that police act in an ethically sound manner. The â€Å"Code of Conduct and Ethics (CCE)† and â€Å"Statement of Values (SOV)† provides a framework in which the police are to operate. In this scenario the police have embraced the expectations from both the CCE and the SOV. The 3 main points of the CCE addressed in the scenario are: the officers â€Å"behaved honestly and in a way that upholds the values and the good reputation of the NSW police† and â€Å"acted with care and diligence†. The officers throughout the incident acted professionally, and made numerous decisions during the investigation some ethically correct and others which could have been dealt with differently. One of the decisions made which I believe to be unethical was not to IPE the person of interest. Section 201(2)(c) of LEPRA clearly states an officer must inform a person of their name, place of duty and give evidence that they are police officers if not in uniform before exercising any power. Failure to abide by this legislation deems all powers that are exercised unlawful. Due to the officers failing to abide by this safeguard the arrest would be considered unlawful. This could possibly see the collapse of the case in court and see a crime go unpunished. Another factor is that tunnel vision occurred when the officer in charge was questioning the witness at the scene. An example of the officers not thinking critically and letting tunnel vision take over is when the officer in charge broadcasted the description of the male wanted for the assault. At that stage the officers only assumed that an assault has occurred. Police also broadcasted a description of the accused over police radio, this was done without fully investigating and assuming that the witness was telling the truth. Police should have reviewed the CCTV footage from the hotel to ascertain that an assault had occurred and the description of the accused was correct. It seemed to me that officers performed fairly well. They sufficiently investigated the matter and were able to arrest the suspect for further in It is easy for us to watch this scenario unfold on DVD and criticise the actions and decisions of the two officers. However when you are placed in real life situation you need to focus on what will be in the public’s best interest and what ethical decisions will need to be made. It is important to remember that investigation is not a game with winners or losers it is a search for the truth based on the gathering of information in a fair and ethical manner. I believe that the Officers were able to provide a framework that best assisted them to the truth of the crime. In conclusion â€Å"Critical thinking† and the â€Å"Scientific Method of Investigation† are fundamental partners in criminal investigation. Together they form a â€Å"logical and scientific format† (Activity 6. 1) that enables an investigator to form logical conclusions based on the collected evidence. Critical thinking allows for conclusions coming forth from a number of different perspectives. Together this way of thinking is important in investigations as it aides investigators in answering questions and reconstructing the past. Often police are placed in a situation that requires them to solve a crime or identify an offender who committed an offence. The fact that the community have placed police in that role means it is the police who are accountable for finding the truth, and this is the basis of investigation – for police to search for the truth.

Counselling; Contemporary Humanistic Counselling Theory. Outcome 2 Essay

Counselling; Contemporary Humanistic Counselling Theory. Outcome 2 - Essay Example However, for a relationship to achieve intimacy, the partners need to be open and authentic with their behavior and thinking (Feltham, 1999, P.187). As intimacy comes from sharing the deepest and most personal feelings and thoughts, Berne (1964) says that it is a desirable state not only in personal relationships but also in counselling (Feltham, 1999, P.187). As intimacy in relationship is based on trust, openness and authenticity, it makes a relationship fulfilling by bringing partners close without practicing any barrier. Because of this nature of intimacy, it may be said that a relationship is successful only when it is able to achieve intimacy (Feltham, 1999, P.187). According to Solomon(1989), many clients seek counselling and therapy so that they can make their life better by making their relationships more fulfilling (Feltham, 1999, P.187). The importance of intimacy is not only limited to personal relationships but also in a therapeutic relationship (Feltham, 1999, P.187). I ntimacy between a therapist and the client is important as it helps in encouraging the client to open up, be receptive for therapy and develop the most important aspect in therapeutic relationship which is ‘trust’. These qualities of intimacy has made intimacy the fundamental prerequisite of humanistic counseling and in fact, achievement of intimacy in therapeutic relationship is considered one of the important goals of that relationship (Feltham, 1999, P.187). In humanistic counseling, intimacy is considered as a positive concept as it makes the counselling successful (Feltham, 1999, P.188). However, a client can develop intimacy in therapeutic relationship only when there is positive encouragement and support from the counsellor. A

Briefly describe what the Boston Nature Center is and how they benefit Essay

Briefly describe what the Boston Nature Center is and how they benefit the community, also include the importance of environmental education on the community - Essay Example One of the ways that the community gets to benefit from BNC is the fact that they witness the hands on approach that ensures that the environment gets to where it is today. The community has also witnessed through the various programs set, the power that environmental education and care can do for the environment. The BNC has very scholarships that have ensured that it is possible to raise funds through many awareness projects. The money is raised towards a worthy cause in the area (Environmental department, p 1). Environmental education is important because it ensures that the citizens are aware of what needs to be done with the environment. This is in respect to conservation, preservation and the maturation of the environment to be what it can be when treated in the right way. They are also aware that the current environmental issues need to be addressed. This is with respect to the current environmental trends and those that will be experienced in future. The BNC is an area that ensures that all environmental issues are addressed to create a safe haven for each and every individual and creation that needs the environment to thrive for their ultimate survival (Environmental department, p 1). The center has ensured that many of the citizens benefit from the education. This is through the analysis of the information collected. Many of the citizens have volunteered and become environmental ambassadors. They have participated in the training and spread of knowledge. The education in the communi ty has also ensured that there are practical approaches to dealing with environmental issues. They included reduced dumping, planting of trees and the use of environment friendly

Gender Segregation In The Education System Research Paper

Gender Segregation In The Education System - Research Paper Example Single-sex schooling has characterized private education for decades. However, the amendment of Title IX by the Department of Education in 2004 effectively allowed for public schools to pursue gender segregation either in entire schools or classes. In 2006, single sex schools were formally legalized and even incentives provided for public schools to transform into single sex schools instead of just providing single sex classes within coeducation schools. The advent and legalization of single sex schools was mainly as a response to concerns from certain sections of the society that coeducation was promoting gender inequity in education. Some of the main concerns include the observation that coeducation schools were responsible for education stereotypes amongst boys and girls. Some of these stereotypes inc single-section that mathematics and sciences are traditionally for males while females are proficient in hum single-sex languages. Thus, single-sex schools were muted as a way to all ow boys and girls to pursue their interests without having to face stereotypes (National Association for Single Sex Public Education, 2011). Kiselewich (2008) advocates for gender segregation in education on a separate but equal basis just as is accepted in athletics. The evidence put forward to support single-sex schools extrapolated from studies that are not directly related to single-sex education. For instance, advantages given for single-sex schooling were mainly drawn from studies on peer/role model effect. Hoxby’s (2000) class size study findings indicated that classes with majority female students had better performance in certain subjects. This is only indirectly related to single-sex education, and there is no evidence that the impact on boys may be equal to that of girls. Other considerations that backed gender segregation stated that girls were likely to pursue male-dominated careers if they attended single-sex schools. The argument further stated that women in si ngle-sex colleges pursued mathematics and sciences on a much greater level than those in coeducation schools (Billger, 2006). The Counterproductive Nature of Gender Segregation in the Education System One of the explanations as to why the promotion of gender segregation in the education system is counterproductive is that it promotes the same gender stereotypes it is said to be addressing. There are several aspects through which this is seen beginning with the insistence that by proponents of single-sex schools that such a system places girls in a position to handle mathematics and sciences. By doing this and by labeling single-sex schools as facilities where girls can pursue these areas of study, the perception that such subjects are better and that girls cannot excel in them is further strengthened.  

Taking a Stand Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Taking a Stand - Research Paper Example This leaves students and lower level employees prone to bullying tactics such as being used as personal slaves by physicians or senior nurses ridicule and humiliate students in front of their colleagues and patients as well. Such bullying tactics differ with extremity depending on the organizational setup. There is a need for a moral agent within healthcare, among nurses since if this role is not fulfilled some of the detrimental effects include deflating of self-esteem which may disrupt their pursuit of the profession, low morale leading to employee turnover, absenteeism and low productivity affecting performance; all of which directly influence the success of the organization. Worse still, in some cases, the organization may end up incurring litigation fees, making out early retirement payouts, counseling fees for workers and compensation of workers. Therefore, it is apparent that individuals practicing nursing should take up the challenge of being the moral agent. Where they stand up and defend people being bullied, or if the one facing the bullying taking a firm stand regardless of the alienating position it leaves one in. It is unfortunate that there is no specific legal action open to majority of the bullying tactics present in the workplace. However, there are some laws under the Civil Rights Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Act that can be applied to certain scenarios if a protected class such as from a certain ethnicity is violated and if safety and healthful conditions are not met, respectively (Niles, 2012). As a moral advocate against aggression at the workplace, I would begin by informing fellow employees on the options open to them if they face any bullying. This would create a feeling of empowerment and confidence while carrying out their clinical duties and seeking knowledge from their seniors. Secondly, I would approach a senior physician and ask them to support my endeavor when I approach physicians to urge them to refrain from and w arn them about bullying through abuse of power or any other tactic. In order to get cooperation, I would educate the senior level nurses and physicians on the impact of bullying (Daly, Speedy and Jackson, 2003). By relaying this information, I believe it will create understanding on why it is important that any form of bullying be shunned and where one witnesses it, they should not tolerate it by merely standing by but instead rebuke the offender and support the victim. Thirdly, I would come up with a clear framework that defines what counts as bullying so as to avoid cases of misunderstanding. This would be contained in a document and placed in strategic positions within the hospital so that everyone can be informed and that no excuses of ignorance are allowed. Lastly and most importantly, I would encourage senior nurses to take up the role of mentors so as to support nursing students as this will not only benefit the students but will give them an opportunity to develop and nurtur e leadership skills, critical in advancing their careers (Randle, 2006). Concurrently, I would seek a concrete title that attracts attention from employees but does not deter low-level group from freely approaching me. This would ensure the position takes on a permanent standing within the organization, so that even upon my departure it continues

The Dark Knight Rises. Reasons Behind Movies Commercial Success Essay

The Dark Knight Rises. Reasons Behind Movies Commercial Success - Essay Example It has been claimed that the movie did not fulfill the expectations in terms of revenues and quality of its predecessors. However, despite multiple claims, the movie is a big commercial hit earning revenues over US$ 1 billion. The Dark Knight trilogy has been a significant source of revenues for Warner Brothers. Analysis of the commercial factors underlying The Dark Knight Rises’ success indicates that more than effective marketing, it was the legacy of the movie that gave it a grand opening despite various daunting events like the shooting incident. The Dark Knight Rises brought ticket revenues worth US$ 1.075 billion to Warner Brothers and movie maker Christopher Nolan (Hughes, 2012a). The question arises that despite having receiving its fair share of criticism from experts and general public, what are the factors that made this movie join the elite group of over 1 billion group. A critical analysis of the movie’s progress indicated that a perception of a product being sold has a greater impact on its sales. This is precisely the reason why manufacturers and producers play special attention to product placement phenomenon while marketing a product. Same stands true for Batman movie franchise as well. The legacy, fan base and historical characters with success of all previous Batman movies provides this franchise a lot of credibility amongst the viewers. Besides the huge success of previous Batman movie ‘The Dark Night’ and the phenomenal success of Joker followed by the untimely death of Heath Ledger, what drove the masses to the theaters was perception that this would be the last Batman movie. The legacy of the Batman Series was a substantial factor that would have been enough to draw masses to movie cinemas. Like other studios, Warner Brothers capitalizes on brand equity of its strong franchises and The Dark Knight Rises is a simple example of this trend. For a franchise that was showing a downturn after Batman and Robin in 1997, Nolan-Warner partnership turned out to be the last resort. Arrival of Nolan in Warner Brothers has made Batman into a character which is not only adored by comic fans but also by those who have a greater liking for more realistic action movies. The Batman trilogy has managed to bring overall box office receipts worth over 3 billion with box office sales being the indicator of franchise’s performance (Hughes, 2012b). It is important to note that other than the movie itself, Nolan’s brand equity is also another major factor that brought fans to the cinemas. In the recent years, Hollywood has focused more on ‘going big’ in terms of marketing and Warner Brothers’ technique is no different. Aggressive marketing campaign through TC, radio, social media, billboards and print media manage to engage public and create the desired anticipation for the brand launch (Eliashberg, Elbrese, and Leenders, 2004). Before the movie launch, there was a well-orchestrated series of movie’s official website launch, tease trailers containing original six minutes of the movie, page-length advertisements in newspaper etc. In addition to that, an interesting product placement strategy used by Warner Brothers was to attach the movie’s trailers with other successful ventures like The Avengers and Mission Impossible-Ghost Protocol. Another important part of this marketing campaign was movie’s viral marketing strategy that was highly complex yet interesting enough to engage millions

Causes and Effects on the High Cost of Health Care Essay

Causes and Effects on the High Cost of Health Care - Essay Example The death rates are falling. There are less barbaric wars and more peace in the world at large. People are now living longer. There are many reasons for this the first being that most people are more mindful of health and wholesome living and are therefore, spending a larger share of income on health care. People are now turning towards healthful products that low fat, zero calories, no sugar added etc. An average individual now takes out more time for exercising, walking and other sports. Many people have reduced smoking after learning about the risks associated with it In developed countries medical insurance takes care of much of health care expenses. However, critics argue that there is an ever-growing number of people (especially Americans) who are overweight or even obese, which may breed physical disorders and afflictions and finally acquire medical attention. Therefore demands in growing at a faster pace than supply of medical services. These and many more reasons have increased life expectancy overall. When people live longer, they put a greater burden on health care services. Apart from this high population growth rates also contribute as a load on such services. Therefore, governments and private health care providers are left with no option but to increase their fees, costs of drugs and other health related expenses. Moreover, a lot of investment is being made in this sector. ... EFFECTS Perhaps the biggest effect of expensive health care services is that many people will use home made remedies for diseases and avoid going to doctors who would prescribe expensive drugs and ask for costly medical tests to be performed first. In years to come this might show as an increase in death rates. In third world countries (including many African states) there is high infant mortality. Many of the countries with the lowest life expectancies, namely Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi, South Africa, Central African Republic, Namibia, and Guinea-Bissau, are suffering from very high rates of HIV/AIDS infection, with adult prevalence rates ranging from 10 to 38 percent. The residents of poor countries will continue to suffer. As a result, corruption will increase. Existing health care practitioners may not wish to offer their services to anyone who does not pay the prescribed amount. Less qualified individuals with little or no experience might get more patients as their fees would be less. This will lead to an extremely inefficient health care system, with more people falling sick. CONCLUSION For the thousands of years of humankind's existence, lifespans were short and rough. It is only within the last hundred years that life expectancy at birth has risen substantially. The world's average life expectancy at birth was 45years in 1950 which rose to 61 years by 1980 and currently it is 67years. This shows that as people are living longer, the demand for health care is rising. This demand is by far exceeding the supply in many countries of the world, making health care too expensive for most people. High costs of health care will affect

Managerial Accounting Case Essay Example for Free

Managerial Accounting Case Essay In the Seligram case, the existing cost accounting system measured two components of cost: direct labor and burden. All burden cost, which is the overhead, was grouped into a single cost pool and was calculated only by using a burden rate per direct labor dollar. This may cause problems since direct labor and overhead are not consumed by the products in the same proportion. Simply using the same burden rate is obsolescent. First of all, direct labor hours per lot tested had been steadily declining, especially with the increase of dependence on vendor certification. This will result in the change of the burden rate. Besides, this system distorts the price to some extent, making the price for complex parts cheaper while price for elementary testing higher compared with price for outside services. What is more, the consequences brought from the introduction of high -technology components would decrease the direct labor hour. All of this was trending to higher burden rates and overall higher rates. Cost allocation based on current burden rate of 145% is calculated within the Exhibit1. Having noticed of the problems of the existing system, the accounting manager proposed a two-burden-pool method to allocate the burden cost. Under the two-burden-pool method, burden cost has been divided into two pools: one is the burden cost related to the administrative and technical functions and the other is test related burden. The former is calculated based on direct labor dollar, the latter one is calculated by using machine hours. This method takes other factors that cause the burden into account, which makes the cost allocation more accurate than the existing method. The result of two-burden-pool is as the follows. The consultant proposed a more detailed cost allocation method, i.e. separate burden centers from each of each test room and common technical and administrative pool so that a three-burden-pool is formed. Under this method, burden cost in test rooms would be allocated on a machine-hour basis, and technical and administrative costs would continue to be charged on a rate per direct labor dollar. This method is more accurate in allocating the burden cost by providing a cost of each product or job. Through this way, ETO could differentiate client and product and calculate the cost more accurately from direct data such as the machine hour to product a certain product, so that they need not to guess the real cost of that product by allocating cost according to estimation. Besides, due the process of automatic, direct labor dollar amount alone could not reflect the real picture of burden cost as before. So it is necessary to take other related factor into account when allocating burden cost and more detailed analysis of the allocation basis is needed. The allocation result of three-burden-pool is listed below: Since the three-burden-pool system is most accurate in allocating burden cost among those three methods, it is preferable. However, it does not mean the three-burden-pool system is perfect. Because this system provides more accurate and detailed information of the production process, it will cost more than the other two methods. In addition, the redesign of the three-burden-pool system could be expensive too due to the complexity of the system. In order to improve this system, ETO needs to pay attention of the relationship of cost and benefit. Besides, ETO could set up a system that is easy and effective to perform to save the cost of implicating three-burden-pool. Besides the consideration of proposed cost allocation methods, Seligram should also arrange the new equipment into an appropriate cost pool which indicates a more reliable estimation. Assuming that new equipment has a separate cost center, all variable cost, fixed cost and depreciation will be reported separately. The burden rate is only based on the machine hours of new equipment which are 400hr (Year1) and 2400hr (Year2-8). Additionally, we use Double-decline method for depreciation. Balance is shown in Exhibit4. The separate burden rate for Year 1 would be much higher than those in the following years due to set up costs (Exhibit 5). Burden rates combined with main testing room are calculated in Exhibit 6. All combined burden rates are much lower than the separate costing rates. We recommend choosing a separate cost center for new equipment, even though the rates are much higher. Due to the current situation that lower costs for more complex components, which is abnormal, separate method would reflect more accurate and reliable costs of new imported machines. Obviously, combined method would influence the presentation of true costs. The costs are reduced by other factors in main testing room. Higher burden rates are more reasonable that these new machines have higher cost in essence and also they are just for testing components from several specific clients. Higher burden rates are more accurate.

Giuseppe Peano Essay Example for Free

Giuseppe Peano Essay Giuseppe Peano spent most of his career in teaching mathematics at the University of Turin in Italy. He was a fanatic of mathematics who contributed many ideas to mathematical logic but later on gave more focus on symbolic logic and developing auxiliary languages. He wrote his mathematical ideas and logic in 200 books and papers (Giuseppe, 2006). Peano was born on August 27, 1858 to a poor family in an Italian farm in Spinetta, near Cuneo, Italy. He graduated with high honors in the degree of Mathematics at the University of Turin wherein he later worked as its mathematics professor starting in 1880. At the same time in 1886, he was also employed in the Royal Military Academy. Peano’s contribution to mathematics includes differential equations and vector analysis and his famous space-filling curve that contradicts some of the existing axioms and concepts of mathematics in his time (â€Å"Guiseppe†, 2006; Golba, 2007). Another contribution of Peano was in the development of symbolic logic. He introduced many symbols, such as the symbol which means â€Å"belonging to the set of† that is still used in science and math today. Peano had reasoned that the ambiguity of the ordinary language in his time tends to hamper the progress in the development and study of mathematics therefore he proposed many symbols to use for a much easier learning and universal understanding. He believed that the scientific community needed a universal language so that anybody who spoke different languages may understand each other through it. In 1891 and for the next fifteen years , Peano worked on a project he called Formulario Project or better described as an Encyclopedia of Mathematics† that proposed to use mathematical symbols by publishing all the 4200 symbolized formulas and symbols of science using his invented standard notation (â€Å"Guiseppe†, 2006; Golba, 2007) . Peano became an active promoter of auxiliary language. In the second International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris in 1900, (right after the First International Conference of Philosophy where he was a member of the patronage committee), he presented a paper that touch on the subject of how to correctly form definitions in mathematics, including the question of â€Å"how do you define a definition? in the first place. This of course is made to arouse an interest and a need for an auxiliary language. By now, Peano’s main interest and quest (for the rest of his life) had shifted to this philosophical view to such an extent that he had neglected his calculus (â€Å"Guiseppe†, 2006; Golba, 2007). The popularity of Peano’s symbolic logic had prompted a resolution in a mathematics conference calling for the formation of an international auxiliary language to spread its mathematical and commercial idea. In 1903, Peano presented his work of a universal auxiliary language called Latino sine flexione, (Latin without flexions, eventually recognized as Interlingua) which uses the popular and widely known Latin vocabulary but stripped of its grammar and without its â€Å"irregular and anomalous forms† (â€Å"Guiseppe†, 2006; Golba, 2007). In 1908 Peano became a director of the Academia pro Interlingua in Turin, a congress that was set up in order to study and develop auxiliary languages. At the same time, he published the fifth and final edition of the Formulario project (â€Å"Formulario Mathematico†) with all proven theorems in 516 pages. This project had not been much of a success at that time since it was published in Peano’s new Latino sine flexione language which nobody really understood (Golba, 2007). Even with the opposition against Peano and his subsequent resignation in the Military Academy due to the students’ resentment of having to learn his mathematical symbols which they reasoned they will never use in real life, by 1910 Peano continued to develop and promote auxiliary languages. He remained to teach in the University of Turin until his death of a heart attack on April 20, 1932. Peano got married in 1887 but he was childless (â€Å"Guiseppe†, 2006; Golba, 2007).

Similarities Between Mitochondria And Bacteria Biology Essay

Similarities Between Mitochondria And Bacteria Biology Essay Bacteria are believed to be among the oldest cells on Earth, fossils indicate bacteria-like organisms were around almost 3.5 billion years ago. They are unicellular micro-organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus and contain no organelles. Many people consider them to be the cause of many diseases, which they are, but the human body contains trillions of bacteria, aiding processes such as digestion and growth. Mitochondria on the other hand are organelles found in the majority of eukaryotic cells, they produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). What could these organelles found in eukaryotes have in common with bacteria, which are prokaryotes? Hopefully this essay will address that question and attempt to answer it. To achieve this in the first section of this essay I will consider the structural similarities between them both. I will then go on to compare the functional similarities in the second section of this essay which will then be followed by a section outl ining and explaining the endosymbiotic theory which should help to clarify the previous sections. Finally I will summarise the similarities between mitochondria and bacteria and the causes of these similarities and the validity of the theory explaining them. Structure At first glance bacteria and mitochondria look to have a very different internal structure and can also have a radically different external shape, but inside they do share some similarities. The internal structure of bacteria is very simple, it contains no membrane bound organelles, but instead it contains a nucleoid which is the central part of the cell and it is where the DNA is generally confined to. Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm of the bacteria as well as storage granules. All bacteria have a plasma membrane, most also have a cell wall and while some have a capsule, others do not (1). Some bacteria also have flagella which are tiny whip-like structures often located at one end of the cell. Although they vary in size greatly, common bacteria such as Escherichia coli are about 2ÃŽ ¼m in length, when comparing this to mitochondria they are very similar in length but like bacteria, the shapes and sizes of mitochondria vary significantly depending on what species or cell they are found in (2). Mitochondria are located in the cytoplasm of both animal and plant cells; they are cylindrical structures that consist of an outer membrane, inner membrane and matrix. Like bacteria, mitochondria also have their own circular DNA genome which is separate from the nucleus of the cell which is located in the matrix. The membrane of the mitochondria is also very similar to the membrane found around the bacteria; it is double layered and is made up from lipids, just like a prokaryotes membrane. This is interesting as it shows no similarities with a eukaryotic cells cytoplasm, but instead it is very similar to the composition of a bacterial membrane. The inner folds of the mitochondrial membrane, cristae, are very similar to mesosomes found in bacteria. Mitochondria also contain ribosomes similar to those found in bacteria; this will be explained further in the next section. Function The main function of bacteria, like any organism, is to reproduce, and while mitochondrias main function is to produce energy in the form of ATP it also needs to reproduce. Mitochondria are formed by a process very similar to binary fission, the method by which bacteria divide. When a bacterium reaches a certain size, it splits down the middle to create two organisms. In a mitochondrion the nucleus signals the cell to produce more organelles, but only the mitochondria actually replicate themselves while other organelles have to be made up from substances present within the cell. There is an electron transport chain found in both the plasma membrane around a prokaryote as well as in the membrane around the mitochondria but it is absent in membrane of eukaryotic cells. Proteins are required in a cell to perform all functions and all synthesis of these proteins takes place in ribosome; these ribosomes are present throughout the cell but mitochondria have their own ribosomes to produce the proteins they need. Chemical and microscopic analysis shows how the structures of mitochondrial and bacterial ribosomes share more similarities with each other than with ribosomes in eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells are 80S in size while ribosomes found in bacteria and mitochondria are 70S in size (3). One experiment carried out by Margulis showed that the protein synthesis of both mitochondria and bacteria are sensitive to erythromycin and chloramphenicol and insensitive to cyclohexamide and emetine whilst cytoribosomal protein synthesis is insensitive to erythromycin and chloramphenicol and is usually sensitive to cyclohexamide and emetine, suggesting that mitochondrial ribosomes are different from those found in the cytoplas m of eukaryotic cells, and are similar to those found in bacteria. This experiment among other structural and functional similarities lead to Margulis to formulate the theory of endosymbiosis. Endosymbiosis The theory of endosymbiosis had been around before the evidence published by Lynn Margulis, but it was her work that made it a widely accepted theory among biologists. Included in her hypothesis was the thought that mitochondria are the result of endocytosis of aerobic bacteria. This would explain the similarities between mitochondria and bacteria, and why mitochondria differ from what would be expected from a typical eukaryotic organelle. The theory purposes that a proto-eukaryotic cell ingested an aerobic bacterium but it failed to digest it. The aerobic cell then thrived due to the cells cytoplasm being full of partially digested food molecules, and some of the ATP may have leaked into the cells cytoplasm. This occurred around a time where the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere was increasing and aerobic respiration was advantageous to survive (3). An increase in ATP must have caused a growth advantage to the proto-eukaryote, enabling it to dominate over other cells that la cked cell walls and endosymbionts. The endosymbiont, originally the aerobic bacterium, eventually became dependent on the host for both protection and nutrients, meaning there was little need for genes involved in these processes. On the other hand, due to the endosymbiont only being permitted to remain if it continued to capture and store energy, there was a strong selective pressure to retain the genes involved in energy capture and storage. Eventually genes whose products were of no use to the host eroded and were ultimately lost. Finally as the genome reduction continued, the endosymbiont evolved into an energy-providing organelle. However, some more recent research suggests that the endosymbiont may have been an anaerobic bacterium with a fermentative metabolism (4). The bacterium that was originally engulfed is believed to have evolved into a mitochondrion that enabled the evolution of larger organisms. The endosymbiotic theory is well supported, although there are many different variations of it there is strong evidence that suggests mitochondria did originate from bacteria. The similarities in the previous sections are all evidence pointing towards endosymbiosis and this theory explains why bacteria and mitochondria have much in common, and why the mitochondrias function and structure often defies what would be expected from a eukaryotic organelle. Conclusion The similarities between bacteria and mitochondria are easy to see despite belonging to different domains. When a mitochondrion is looked at in detail there are obvious differences to a eukaryotic cell and other organelles present in the eukaryotic cytoplasm, the biggest of these is perhaps the presence of mitochondrial DNA, but there are similarities in many other aspects of a mitochondrion. Their primary functions may be different but bacteria and mitochondria still share process such as binary fission. All this evidence leads to the endosymbiotic theory which offers an explanation for these similarities, although many parts of it are still being debated. This theory allows us to understand how single cell organisms developed into the vast array of complex organisms that are present 3.5 billion years after the first bacteria are thought to have existed.

Deceit and Betrayal in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays

Deceit and Betrayal in Shakespeare's Macbeth Shakespeare's play "Macbeth" is considered one of his great tragedies. The play fully uses plot, character, setting, atmosphere, diction and imagery to create a compelling drama. The general setting of Macbeth is tenth and eleventh century Scotland. The play is about a once loyal and trusted noble of Scotland who, after a meeting with three witches, becomes ambitious and plans the murder of the king. After doing so and claiming the throne, he faces the other nobles of Scotland who try to stop him. In the play, Macbeth faces an internal conflict with his opposing decisions. On one hand, he has to decide of he is to assassinate the king in order to claim his throne. This would result in his death for treason if he is caught, and he would also have to kill his friend. On the other hand, if he is to not kill him, he may never realize his ambitious dreams of ruling Scotland. Another of his internal struggles is his decision of killing his friend Banquo. After hiring murderers to kill him, Macbeth begins to see Banquo's ghost which drives him crazy, possibly a result of his guilty conscience. Macbeth's external conflict is with Macduff and his forces trying to avenge the king and end Macbeth's reign over Scotland. One specific motif is considered the major theme, which represents the overall atmosphere throughout the play. This motif is "fair is foul and foul is fair." In the first scene of the first act, three witches plan their next meeting in which they will encounter Macbeth. It is in this scene that the motif is first presented, as the tree witches chant, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair, hover through the fog and filthy air" (1.1.11-12). The witches meet again in scene three of act one. One of the witches discusses a curse she has placed on a woman's husband, because she refused to share her food. This display of evil powers and spitefulness, suggests that the witches may have some influence in the development of the motif. Macbeth enters during this scene along with Banquo, arriving from a victorious battle. He uses the motif to describe the day as "So foul and fair a day I have not seen" (1.3.38). When Macbeth encounters the witches, they give him two predictions. One is that he will become the thane of Cawdor, and then the king of Scotland.

Poe :: essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Literary critism is extremely essential in the understanding of literature works. Critism on Edgar Allan Poe varies with poems, short stories, and other literary works. Harold Bloom has published two books maybe even more on the critism and interpretation of Edgar Allan Poe’s works. In both of these books there are other authors and critics, explaing and evaluating Poe’s works. Some critical view points are on his poems, others are on his short stories, and some are just on his style of writing. Since Edgar Allan Poe has published many poems and short stories over a period of time it is no wonder why there is so much critism on his works.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Daniel Hoffman’s book â€Å" Poe Poe Poe Poe† , he tells a story about a professor who is to lecture about Poe’s poetry. Before the professor begins to read one of Poe’s poems, he states â€Å" No poet in the English tongue who is still read with reverence has committed such gaffes against the genius of our language, nor has written lines of comparable banality.† ( Hoffman, p. 20 ). This explains how other poets respect and admire the poems written by Edgar Allan Poe . There is not just admiration and respect for Poe’s poems, there is also negative critism. A critic named John Neal stated If Edgar Allan Poe of Baltimore whose lines About â€Å" Heaven† , though he professes to r- Egard them as all together superior to any thing in the whole range of American poetry, Save two or three trifles referred to, are non- sense, rather exquisite nonsense- would but do himself justice (he) might make a beautiful and perhaps a magnificent poem. (Neal, p. 35). This is not exactly negative critisim, but it is not recognizing Poe as a magnificent poet as most other people do. Shoshana Felman does not give her own opinion of Poe, but tells how the rest of society sees him. She states the Poe is both highly acclaimed, and violently disclaimed as a poet. She also says that he is the most controversial, and thoroughly misunderstood figure in the American literary scene.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only are Poe’s poems controversial and misunderstood, but so are his short stories or â€Å" tales â€Å". Not everybody finds them controversial though, some people admire them and find â€Å" genius â€Å" in them. D.H. Lawrence sees Poe more as a scientist than an artist. D.H.

Cheating and Sportsmanship

Cheating and Sportsmanship HPE essay-BY Elliott Biggs Just like everything in life, sports too are governed by rules, customs and even competition. Sports are a way through which we are able to connect with our past and have good feelings about the future. Sports acts as a way of bonding people despite their age, gender and race differences. Sports today, instead of bonding people and teaching them discipline and teamwork is causing them to cheat. And athletes have a reason to cheat now with all the fame, drugs and endorsements available to gain from.Cheating in sports is certainly not something new; it has been taking place ever since sports and sporting competitions were first introduced. 2000 years before Mike Tyson bit a piece of Evander Holyfield’s ear and due to it faced disqualification in the boxing match, a boxer from Thessaly, Eupolus’s had bribed 3 of his opponents to take dives in the Olympics of 388 BC (Los Angeles Times). Eupolus’s cheating is consi dered to have been the first cheating act to have been committed in sports. Everyone wants to win and wants an easy way to do it.The way people cheat in sports has become various and diversified over the years but I will discuss only three. Performance enhancing drugs, performance enhancing equipment and blood doping. First, Performance enhancing drugs. The use of enhancement â€Å"substances† for sporting events dates back to the ancient Greeks and ancient Maya. Performance potions where utilized by the Greeks to increase their abilities, and cocoa leaves where thought to be used by the ancient Maya to increase their abilities.Today, athletes will go to many lengths to increase athletic ability, including: steroids, HGH, Amphetamines, and even animal or human organs just as the Greeks did in their time. Most young athletes will tell you that the competitive drive to win can be very intense. Besides the satisfaction of personal gain, young athletes often pursue dreams of maki ng it to the Olympics or a place on a professional team. This competitive environment, created by our culture, has led to a more common use of steroids and other performance-enhancing agents in sports.For a growing number of athletes, winning at all costs includes taking anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs. Some may appear to achieve physical gains from such drugs, but at what cost? The truth is that long-term effects of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs haven't been painstakingly studied. And short-term benefits are flawed with many potential side-effects and consequences such as loss of medals, eligibility and even death. Billie Holiday said â€Å"Dope never helped anybody sing better or play music better or do anything better.All dope can do for you is kill you – and kill you the long, slow, hard way. † It isn’t worth it. People can die because of these things but they will do anything to win. The use of performance enhancing equipment has many limitations and boundaries. For example, i believe that if you have to use such equipment then it is alright. E. g. Oscar pistorius. Pistorius has below the knee amputations on both legs that have been fitted with Flex-Foot Cheetah carbon fiber transtibial prostheses. He has no choice; if he wants to achieve his goal as an athlete he must use this equipment.Some say that this puts him at an advantage, but i disagree. If they make them just long enough to give the same amount of spring as the human legs. But, if the competitors are to use equipment unnecessarily, it would be unfair. E. g. a corked bat is a specially modified baseball bat that has been filled with cork or other lighter, less dense substances to make the bat lighter without losing much power. A lighter bat gives a hitter a quicker swing and may improve the hitter's timing. One thing that might make this fair would be if every competitor used the same equipment.But that would not solve anything, would that not just put them back where they started. This is unfair on other competitors because it gives the athlete an unfair advantage by making them more aerodynamic, faster, leap further or maybe even swim faster by eliminating water resistance. What is the point of athletes using suits anyway, in the end it all still comes down to raw talent anyway. Say swimmer a’s time is 27. 6 secs and swimmer b’s time is 28. 4 secs. They wear the suit which takes of 0. 01 of a second. And swimmer a’s time becomes 27. 59 and swimmer b’s becomes 28. 39.Swimmer a still wins anyway. Blood doping. The process of blood doping, also called blood boosting or blood packing, involves illicitly increasing the number of red blood cells throughout one’s body. In terms of anatomy red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles. With more oxygen being carried to the muscles during rigorous activity, the longer the muscles will perform without building up lactic ac id. Once lactic acid builds up within the bloodstream it restricts the flow of oxygen to working muscles therefore producing fatigue. In essence with more red blood cells more oxygen can be arried to working muscles, therefore increasing endurance and reducing fatigue. For this very reason blood doping has become a favourite practice of some elite endurance athletes due to the fact that it gives them improved aerobic capacity. It allows them to perform rigorous activity, such as cross country skiing, cycling, as well as running at a higher level for a longer period of time. As you can imagine that would give an athlete a significant advantage. A new-Mexico study showed that EPO use can shave up to 69 seconds off of a world-class 10,000 meter time.In any world class event such as track and field, a 69 second deficit is the difference between being considered the worlds-finest to just another middle runner. This is what inspires athletes to dope. But is it fair? No it is not. I have d iscussed in this essay three types of cheating in sports and their advantages. I have successfully answered the question, is cheating in sports ethical. Cheating in sports has been around for many hundreds of years and no-one will ever change the fact that people will cheat and find a way to win any way possible.

American Woman

American Woman The struggles America has dealt with have been expressed in the lyrics of popular songs, specifically issues pertaining to government, politics, the period of the Cold War and Vietnam War. Another American issue that has been expressed in popular music is the drug world and its complications, creating a strong and forceful depiction of America. The song titled â€Å"American Woman† has been expressed through many different medium of art. American Woman† has two versions; the first version was made by the Canadian rock band the â€Å"Guess Who†, the second version was made by the American singer and composer Lenny Kravitz. â€Å"American Woman† is a successful song that has caused many controversies over the years; for example, regarding the â€Å"Guess Who† version, it refers to attacks on U. S. politics and government, especially for the Cold War and Vietnam War, while Kravitz’s version expresses his personal take on drug use a nd his personal battle with drug addiction. â€Å"American Woman† is a product of the Vietnam War and its issues.When the vocalist of â€Å"The Guess Who† referred to American woman, he actually referred to The Unites States. Some lyrics of the song reflect the political and government issues of the U. S. For example, â€Å"Don’t come hangin’ around my door, I don’t wanna see your face no more, I got more important things to do, that spend my time growin’ old with you† (L. 18-21). This part of the song is basically saying that Canada has its own troubles that they have to deal with, and they don’t need to get into some wars over opinion with the U.S. The â€Å"Guess Who† version also refers to America’s imperialistic attitude at the time of the Vietnam War. For instance, â€Å"I don’t need your war machine; I don’t need your ghetto scenes† (L. 35-36). This phrase is referring to the nuclear we apons that the U. S. used in Vietnam and the after math of the explosives. During the time of the Cold War and the Vietnam War, America tried to get Canada to adopt nuclear missiles and join in the war. The â€Å"Guess Who† showed in the lyrics of â€Å"American Woman† the rejection of war activities.For example, â€Å"Colored lights can hypnotize, Sparkle someone else’s eyes, now woman, I said stay away, American woman, listen what I say† (L. 37-40). These lyrics basically refer to the explosions of the bombs that occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1955 to 1975 (Vu Tung). The phrase implies that Canada does not like wars, and it tells the U. S. government to bother someone else. At the time of the Vietnam War, Canada had economic growth, political independence and regime survival in a post-Cold War environment.In the Kravitz’s version of the song â€Å"American Woman† the original political themes of the song were replaced by his p ersonal takes on drug use and his personal battles with drug addiction. When Kravitz mentions American woman as a white girl, he actually refers to the use of cocaine. For instance, â€Å"Huh, American Woman, stay away from me, American woman, mama let me be† (L. 1-2). In this phrase, he is refusing to use drugs, especially, cocaine. Furthermore, he is also saying that drugs don’t let him be the person that he wants to be.In America, the number of drug users increases every year. Drugs are everywhere, especially at parties and night clubs. Kravitz used the lyrics of â€Å"American Woman† to transmit the message of avoiding drugs. For example, â€Å"Colored lights can hypnotized, Sparkle someone else’s eyes† (L. 13-14). This phrase also reflects how the use of drugs can captivate people by making them feel good; however, Kravitz refuses to take drugs, and he wants to stay away from them. In the song â€Å"American Woman† Kravitz shows his per sonal experience using drugs and the negative effects of the illegal substances.For instance, â€Å"Don’t come knocking ‘round my door, I don’t wanna see your shadow no more† (L. 11-12). In these lyrics the singers is referring to his personal experience using drugs. When he mentions shadows, he refers to how painful and hard is the addition of these illegal substances. Kravits throughout the song shows how he fought to quit drugs. In the following lyrics expressed â€Å"I gotta go, I gotta get away, Baby, I gotta go, I wanna fly away† (L. 29-30). Although the drug world at first glance seems amusing, from Kravitz’s experience, he prefers to get away from temptations.In conclusion, â€Å"American Woman† is an extraordinary song that has caused many controversies over the years; for example, regarding the Guess Who’s version, it refers to attacks on U. S politics and government, especially for the Cold War and Vietnam War, while Kravitz’s version referrers to the rejection of the drug world and his personal experience with cocaine. The challenges that America has had over the years, have been subjects for songs, paintings, poetry, films and art in general, especially those themes that are related with the U.S. government, politics, wars and illegal drugs. America will always be the subject of inspiration for artists around the globe because it is a country with a variety of cultures and population issues. Work Cited * The Guess Who. â€Å"American Woman†. Elyrics. net. 200-20013. Web. March 20, 2013. * Kravitz, Lenny. â€Å"American Woman†. Elyrics. net. 200-20013. Web. March 20, 2013. * Vu Tung, Nguyen. â€Å"Vietnam’s Membership of ASEAN: A Constructivist Interpretation†. Military and Government Collection. Vol. 29, Dec 2007. Web. March 20, 2013.

Christmas Paper Essay

1) What was the main concern of Republican Reconstruction Congressmen in terms of politics? The main goal of Republicans at this time was to give black men the right to vote. However, they did not grant suffrage to black men out of sympathy; rather, they did so in order to gain political clout in the South. 2) What was unique about the 14th Amendment and what does this say about the â€Å"new birth of freedom† coming out of the civil war? The 14th Amendment was unique, because for the first time, the Constitution explicitly contained the world â€Å"male† instead of speaking of â€Å"the people† or â€Å"citizens.† Saying that there was a new birth of freedom after the Civil War is a misleading statement. It is true that suffrage was given to the black man, thereby, giving African-American men more freedom. However, at the same time, women were further subjected to political tyranny, because they were now denied the right to vote by the existing state law as well as the new federal law (14th Amendment). 3) What was the somewhat dismissive reasoning provided by the abolitionists when denying women an inclusion in the 15th Amendment? The 15th Amendment stipulated that suffrage could not be denied on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Feminists wished to include that suffrage could not be denied on the basis of sex as well. However, Republicans would not change their plan to give the vote only to the black man. The abolitionists, who for a long time championed their platform as well as the women’s suffrage movement’s, refused to side with the feminists. They justified their rejection of the women’s suffrage movement by stating that African American male suffrage was more important than the right to vote for women. 4) Explain Fredrick Douglass’s â€Å"When women†¦ because they are women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  speech. Fredrick Douglass, a prominent abolitionist, in his speech, explicitly states that the women’s suffrage movement was nowhere near as important as giving the black man the right to vote. He does this by providing vivid examples of the horrid treatment of blacks (i.e. they were dragged from their homes and hung from lamp posts, they had their children torn from their arms, etc.) and states that when women are treated in this manner, then they will have an urgency to gain suffrage. 5) Explain how the split in the suffrage movement transpired and the response and organization of each faction. After betrayal by the abolitionists, all feminists were angry. However, some like Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe continued to be connected with the abolitionist movement. This caused anger in people like Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, who believed that women that put their sex first, should lead the feminist movement. Anthony and Stanton eventually formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and Stone and other feminists formed the American Woman Suffrage Association. The AWSA believed that they should only focus on one issue; in other words, they should focus on woman’s suffrage, rather than concentrating on a variety of feminist issues. On the other hand, the NWSA, adopted a broad, liberal platform that linked women’s suffrage to a number of other women’s issues. This difference lasted for over twenty years. 6) What was the significance of the Revolution? The Revolution was a feminist newspaper financed by George Train and written by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. This sixteen-page weekly paper touched on every aspect of a woman’s life; work, maternity, marriage, etc. The Revolution covered news for, and by, women and was also a forum for feminist theory and practice. For example, Stanton used the pages of the Revolution to explain why she opposed the present marriage system. Overall, this paper was used to promote feminist ideas in the United States of America. 7) How, according to the author, did Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fail to consider the relationship between class and suffrage? The author states that Stanton and Anthony were at their weakest when discussing class and suffrage because they were never able to understand that class, rather than sex, determined the priorities of working women. While Stanton and Anthony believed in the vote over unions, working women supported economic justice over political justice. 8) In any ways did Stanton and Anthony reveal themselves to be hypocrites? If so, explain. I think that they were hypocrites in a way. For example, in the Revolution, Anthony and Stanton supported the unionizing efforts of women printers. At the same time, they hired a nonunion supporting printing shop for their newspaper. By hiring this nonunion printing shop, they betrayed working woman, just as much as the abolitionists did when they supported the 14th and 15th Amendments. 9) Who was Victoria Woodhull? Why is she important? Why were her views considered radical? Provided examples from the reading. Victoria Woodhull was born into an unstable and poor drifting family. At 15, she married a middle-aged physician who was an alcoholic. Eventually, Victoria returned to her family and continued her work as a spiritualist. Then, without divorcing her first husband, she married Colonel Harvey Blood. They both were huge believers in the principal of â€Å"free love†, a radical belief at the time whereby a person had the right to sexual relations outside of marriage. With this message in hand, Victoria and Blood moved to New York City. It was here that Woodhull began her rise to prominence; in particular, after she gained the respect of Commorade Vanderbilt, who provided her with the very best stock tips. These tips allowed Victoria and to gain a considerable fortune. In 1872, she appeared in the House of Representatives, where she talked about woman’s suffrage. The NWSA was floored by her speech, and invited her to join their group. Unfortunately her radical views in â€Å"free love† eventually led to her demise because the public was astonished at the fact that she lived with both her first and second husbands. From then on, she was attacked and denounced by the public. 10) According to Woodhill and Claflin what is the â€Å"unspoken fear† of many nineteenth century women and what do they propose as a remedy? Woodhill and Claflin say that the â€Å"unspoken† fear of numerous women in the 19th century was prostitution, because many men at the time contracted venereal diseases from prostitutes to wives. In solution for this problem, Woodhill and Claflin proposed that prostitutes should receive weekly medical examinations. 11) What was one point of contention between the American Wing and the Nationalist Wing of the feminists’ movement? One point of contention between the American Wing and the Nationalist Wing was whether or not to accept Woodhall in the feminist movement. The Nationalist Wing was extremely supportive of Woodhall’s policies. After her speech in the House of Representatives, they invited her to speak to their convention the following day. In addition, the Nationalist Wing believed in Woodhull’s ideas; for example, they called for reforms on every aspect of government after her speech and even supported her idea of secession. On the other hand, the American Wing denounced the Nationalist-Woodhall alliance by saying that the woman’s suffrage movement would be further inhibited if it were linked with free love. 12) What was Woodhull’s definition of â€Å"free love†? What price did she pay for expressing these views in the Steinway Hall proclamation? Woodhall defined â€Å"free love† as the right of any person to enjoy sexual relations outside of marriage. During a speech in Steinway Hall, she publically expressed her belief in free love and because of this she was denounced by the media and many of her old supporters vanished. 13) What was the view of Susan B. Anthony on the formed relationships between men and women? How did this view differ from Woodhull? Susan B. Anthony was a firm believer in not challenging the private relations between men and women. Single all her life, she proclaimed that women did not need men, only each other. On the other hand, Woodhull challenged many 19th century assumptions of private relations between men and women. For example, she believed that for most women, marriage was legalized prostitution; in other words, women married for money, not love. 14) What was the Beecher-Tilton affair? What was the result of Woodhull’s exposition of this event? After she was dismissed from the NWSA, Woodhull, looking for vengeance, decided to tell the public about the Beecher-Tilton affair. Henry Ward Beecher was the most famous liberal preacher of his day, and Elizabeth Tilton was one of his parishioners. Tilton was also married to Theodore Tilton, a staunch supporter of the women’s suffrage movement. In 1872, Woodhull published this scandal in a special edition of her Weekly. This â€Å"scandal of the century† had many repercussions. For example, Theodore Tilton sued Beecher misconduct with his wife, and the reputations of both the Tiltons were ruined. In addition, Woodhull was arrested by Anthony Comstock, who claimed that the Weekly had distributed obscene literature through the mail. Although, Woodhull was eventually released, she never regained her social prominence. 15) What was the significance of the West during the 19th century women’s suffrage movement? The West during the 19th century provided a shining beacon of hope to the women’s suffrage movement. This is due to the fact that they saw the West as similar to the rural, small-town society of early America. They believed that in the West, women could regain the status of colonial women, while still being revered as Victorian ladies.

Analysis for the Movie ” Up in the Air” Essay

Ryan Bingham works for a company that helps and facilitates companies’ firing some of their worker. He and his colleagues make business trips all over the U.S and do their, in other words, they fire people. Ryan thinks that his job’s best side is to fly. He aims to save his frequent flyer miles until they reach one million miles and get the club card for his loyalty to the airlines. He also makes seminars for, with his words â€Å"awaking† people .He leads people to leave whatever been problem for them. He points out this situation with the example â€Å"backpack†. Ryan asks people to fill and empty the backpacks of their own life as metaphor and wants them to realize how much the problems are heavy. He even thinks about putting people that are one’s around in this backpack if they keep him/her in back or slow him/her down. For that reason most probably, he is not close to his siblings. Ryan’s life changes when the company hires Natalie who offers that instead of business trips for firing people face to face, to make remote computer access. But Ryan thinks that Natalie does not fully understand the nature of the business. For him it is kind of way of life and he does not want to lose his current life style The company’s owner Craig suggests Natalie to accompany Ryan on a business trip. In these trip Ryan meets a woman called Alex and because that their lives are almost the same they are getting along with each other. Alex also travels often and whenever their flight schedules matches they meet. After he tries to show her to difficulties of firing people, Natalie overcomes the difficulties and achieves firing people via remote computer access. Then the company initiates the remote computer access firing system in trail version and calls Ryan back to home like others. Ryan comes back to home and realize how much he is far away from the family. But he finally does something to heal the wounds†¦ American Dream shaped with the ideas of freedom , equality for all , social mobility and opportunities for achievement and success with hard work. The movie points out the American Dream with the character Ryan. The story of movie puts the individualism on the Ryan character and makes him â€Å" man of freedom â€Å" for his entire life . He likes travelling and being alone. He even leads people, in his seminars , to get rid of from their â€Å"weights† in their backpacks. He works too much to achieve his goal and this touches to the one the values of the dream too. Even the movie starts with comic issues which attracts us to story with Ryan’s telling his life story , it can be defined as tragicomedy because of family issues and Ryan’s disappointment towards the end of the movie. Backpack metaphor combined with the life’s weights metaphor shows that people have some barriers which slow down and stop them . The main character Ryan as a speaker wants the people to realize how these weighs are heavy and that’s why puts all these weights in a backpack. Because it is easy for us to remember to carry something with backpack is hard , imagination on that metaphor becomes much more easier. Personally , I don’t admit the hero’s backpack philosophy , because we have people who can help us for these â€Å"weights† , it is just about whether you want to be alone or not ? if you want to be alone all these stuffs in your life becomes â€Å" weight† for you. But if you don’t you can always can find some ones asking you for help. Having a patriarchal cultural background, US have gender roles dominated by man. In the movie characters have strong manners for these roles. Ryan does not give importance to set a family and his behaviors to women show his domination feeling against to women. Alex figure describes Ryan as â€Å"escape†. It is possibly an escape from ordinary mother figure life to free women figure. So it touches to women’s position in the society and reaction to it. References IMDb ( for critics and soundtracks) Wikipedia ( for the values of ‘American Dream’ ) http://ezinearticles.com ( for understanding and reviewing ‘American Identity’ )

Analysis of Infinity Games

You are to complete the following task in the order given:   Task A: Carry out user and task analysis. You must have a clear view of the users of this system. Consider that not everyone is comfortable with the technology. For example, you need to deal with user variation such as age or language skills. Perform a user analysis, i.e. characterise the users and identify your potential users. Clearly identify the tasks the potential users perform, and in what order. These are all user interface design considerations that you should take into account.   Task B: Propose design and system requirements. Consolidate your findings from your user and task analysis with the given specifications into a design and system requirements. For example, the number of items to display, the screen size, what colours, how many different screens to display etc.   Task C: Develop a low-fidelity prototype using Storyboard (a minimum of 4 screens). Based on the above requirements, develop a preliminary design of the web user interface. At this stage, the prototype is basically a medium to support your initial concept and ideas. For example, the prototype should show where the ‘Business Hour’ button is located or would it be possible to fit 20 images aesthetically on a single page, etc? You can use paper-based (e.g. paper and colour pencils etc.) or screen based (e.g. painting software) to sketch your design. Low- fidelity prototyping is mainly to allow designers to produce alternative designs expediently without having to go into depth or functionality. Think of low-fidelity prototyping as the 5D tool for: design, draft, decide, discard and do-over.  Ã‚   Task D: Obtain user feedback. Invite 3 – 4 potential users (e.g. friends, family members, classmates, etc.) to provide you with feedback of your low-fidelity prototype (your storyboard). Carry out the evaluation according to prescribed methods as in Chapter 4 of your textbook (Shneiderman & Plaisant, 2010) or from other scholarly source. Use appropriate survey techniques. Analyse the data you have collected from the user evaluation and refine and improve on your initial design.   Task E: Develop high-fidelity prototype based on the user test feedback and recommendations from Task D. The high-fidelity prototype should be a reasonably complete version for the Infinity Games website and does not need to work as a complete website. A minimum of 4 screens should be produced in correspondence to your Task C storyboard. High-fidelity prototype must be computer-drawn and any drawing software is acceptable.   Task F: Write a report. Produce a report to document the tasks and the outcome of your efforts undertaken for the project. Remember, this report is intended for your employers. You need to document and support the viability of your website – that is, to convince your employer that your webpage design is satisfactory and that it meets user acceptance test.   The analysis has been done for the website which is related to infinity games. The website is just a simple and static website which describes the shop layout and the products present in the shop. So, the analysis has been done so that improvements may be done in the website. Different opinions have been taken from different types of users belonging to different age groups, different occupations. It has been analyzed whether the design of the website is adhered to the principles of design or not as bad design is always unpleasant and disturbs the visitors on the website.  Ã‚   The website has been designed to help the customers who have interest in the games, toys or playing cards. This website is designed for gaming business and users who like to visit the website lie in the age group of 15-60 years. The website has been designed with so much simplicity and it is user friendly as anyone can access or understand it easily. All of the design principles for a website are followed in this website. The pages of the website are similar to each other in terms of the background. According to the principles of design, any copyright notice should be kept at the bottom of the website. In this website, copyright notice has been kept at the bottom only as per the design principles. The color of the content should be proper and clear so that user does not find difficulty to read the content of the website. So, color chosen for the website is simple and good which does not affect the user to create complexity. According to the principles, navigation layout must work pro perly i.e. the links should navigate to the proper webpage. Navigation has been done properly in this website. The website has been designed with the use of high quality images and efficient textual description (Wirtz, Jakobs &   Ziefle, 2009).   Tasks in a particular sequence that are usually performed by the users are as follows: This is the first task which is performed by any user. User loads the website by typing the url in address bar or by searching the website on any search engine. This is a very simple task and sometimes varies in terms of duration. Next task to the loading is Reading as user reads the information he sees after loading and checks whether he/she is surfing the right website or not. By reading the information on the loaded main page user is able to understand about the type of website he/she is surfing. This task is also much simple.   This is the third task followed by reading in which user actually starts browsing what they are looking for. For e.g., for this website user looks at the different products on different WebPages and start comparing them on the terms of price, features or compatibility. This task may be performed by the user as many times user wants. This task of navigation gets automatically started once the browsing gets started. Navigation is basically done through links, buttons, menus, actionable items etc. Navigation is easy for those who keep on visiting various websites daily but difficult to understand for those who have little knowledge about computers. The website should adhere to the following design principles:   It should be ensured that the window of the browser should not contain scroll bars, instead only one window should be displayed. It should be kept in mind that all kinds of advertisements, pop-ups and multi level windows should not be opened, their use should be avoided. Navigation to any page should be displayed in bold letters. It should be understandable by the visitor that where he/she is at presently. So, use of navigation must be proper. Menus having drop down hierarchies should be avoided. It is important that the relevant types of graphics must be used. Animations in the website should be used when it is needed, else it should be avoided. Images should be put in the website with the alt tags. Icons used in the website should have a specific meaning and can be identified easily. The content written for the website should be simple and understandable to every visitor. Important information should be highlighted with bolded letters. There should be a clear difference between the links which have been visited and the links which have never been visited. The links which have been visited must be displayed with some other color than the actual color of the link so that it can be identified that it is a visited link. It is to ensure that there should be proper spacing between the names of the links so that they do not over-clutter with each other. It should be kept in mind that the colors which are dark and loud should be avoided for background purpose as there are so many kinds of visitors, the old aged visitor may feel difficulty to read content on the dark colored background. Similarly, the content of color should be kept sound to the background i.e. there should be a good contrast between the color of background and the color of the content so that content might remain readable for all visitors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A good website always must have a feedback form in the contact us page so that visitor may leave their feedback and the improvements must be made in the website accordingly.   User Acceptance Test has to be done for the website so that designers must know how can be website accepted by the users and if there are any issues, how those issues are to be solved. One of the efficient methods to perform User Acceptance Test is to take feedback from the different users and accordingly bringing up the news ideas and thoughts for the website. So, for this website User’s Feedback has been taken by asking them different questions which are as follows:   Therefore, on the basis of the above questions, feedback has been taken from three different users which is described in the next section. Feedback has been taken from three persons who belong to different occupations and different age groups. Feedback of those three visitors has been described as follows: Person 1 is a 62-years retired professor who is living his life on the pension income. He hardly has knowledge about the computer use. He hardly uses internet, if he does so, he uses it for news and Wikipedia purpose. Since he has little knowledge, so he can also access the simple websites, complex kind of website confuses him. His experience with this website is good as the website has been designed with so much simplicity. So, he did not feel difficulty and could easily surf the site. He rates the website as 8 on the scale of 1-10.   Person 2 is a 19 year old college going boy and usually completes his assignments by surfing on the internet. Therefore, he has a good knowledge about computer and so internet. He may handle even the complex sites as he is aware of navigating the links and browsing the website. When this website was given to him for review, he could easily point out that the website is about gaming business as he has a lot of interest in gaming and all. He told that the website looked so simple and understandable that he got to know about every webpage so easily. He felt that the website should have more of multimedia things and content to make the website look more attractive and catchy. He rates the website as 7 on 10.   Person 3 is a 45 year old homemaker who is graduated but does not earn money. She did not have much knowledge about the computers, but her son taught her the basics of computers and Smartphone. So, now she used to access many of the health related websites, recipe related websites, social networking websites such as facebook or instagram. She used to access the internet daily for 2-3 hours. When the website was given to her, she understood clearly that the website is about playing cards, boards games or toys but she was confused that these products can be bought online or not. She felt the site looks like ecommerce site. So, she recommended that if the website would contain ecommerce features, she would have taken the help from her son or someone else to buy some games. She said that website might look more beautiful and innovative if it becomes more colorful (Darejeh &   Singh, 2013).   Three walkthrough scenarios have been taken for the website considering the home page, contact page, and product pages. Walkthrough scenarios are as follows: As person 1 has little knowledge about computers, so probably he might not make use of navigational menu. But person 2 and 3 used the navigation map to navigate to other webpage while person 1 just used the navigational menus on the top to navigate to the other webpage. Person 2 has also little knowledge of computers but she used to increase her pace as if she is adapted to the websites.   This is a simple walkthrough that might take time from 40 seconds to 1minute. Person1 did not complete this walkthrough while person2 hardly took 25 seconds to complete the walkthrough and person 3 could complete it but took time of around 1 and half minutes. This walkthrough scenario is bit different from the previous scenario and usually takes 1 minute to get complete. Person2 took around 40 seconds to get this walkthrough done while person 1 took around 3 minutes to get this done as he was not aware of going back to the homepage. Person 3 completed this walkthrough in around 2 minutes but she had to reload the entire session for returning to the homepage as she was also not aware of going back to the homepage (Axelsson, 2012).   In this report, principles of the design play a great role in determining the efficiency of the website. It is considered that if website follows the design principles, then the website has good interface else the bad interface leads to the unpleasant impression on the website. This analysis has been done by taking various feedbacks from various visitors so that designers might know where the improvement is required in the website.  Ã‚   Axelsson, A. (2012). Consistency in Web Design from a User Perspective. Bhaskar, N., Naidu, P., Babu, S. and Govindarajulu, P. (2011). General principles of user interface design and websites.  Int J Softw Eng, pp.45--60. Darejeh, A. and Singh, D. (2013). A review on user interface design principles to increase software usability for users with less computer literacy.  Journal of Computer Science, 9(11), p.1443. Wirtz, S., Jakobs, E. and Ziefle, M. (2009). Age-specific usability issues of software interfaces.